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| 4949431693 | Social Hierarchy | Created ritual divisions and restrictions on intermarriage between social groups. | 0 | |
| 4949431694 | Mauryan | First empire in India beginning in the late 4th century B.C.E. located in east India that was short lived. following the invasion of Alexander the Great. | 1 | |
| 4949431695 | Gupta | Empire from northern India that reasserted brahmans' dominance. succeeded the Kushans in the 3rd century C.E., which included all but southern Indian regions; less centralized than Mauryan Empire. | 2 | |
| 4949431696 | Alexander the Great | Invaded India in 327--not conquering, but bringing India in contact with Hellenistic culture. | 3 | |
| 4949431697 | Isolated | India was forced to experience and adapt to other cultures, and China did not because of geographical and social phenomenon. | 4 | |
| 4949431698 | Himalayas | Northern mountain ranges that separated India | 5 | |
| 4949431699 | Monsoons | Rains crucial for farming, but sometimes unpredictable brining too much or too little rain. | 6 | |
| 4949431700 | Aryans | Indo-European migrants who penetrated the Indian subcontinent becoming farmers and developed a series of oral epics called the Vedas. | 7 | |
| 4949431701 | Sanskrit | The literary language of the new culture. | 8 | |
| 4949431702 | Vedas | Composed by various priests that told stories about gods and proper standards of human behavior. | 9 | |
| 4949431703 | Indus and Ganges | Two major rivers in India that hosted great agricultural regions. | 10 | |
| 4949431704 | Varna | An Aryan social class based on the Aryans' belief that indigenous people were inferior. clusters of caste groups in Aryan society; four social castes—brahmans (priests), warriors, merchants, and peasants; beneath four Aryan castes was group of socially untouchable Dasas. | 11 | |
| 4949431705 | Kshatriyas | Warrior, governing class. | 12 | |
| 4949431706 | Brahmans | Priestly class. | 13 | |
| 4949431707 | Vaisyas | Traders and farmers | 14 | |
| 4949431708 | Sudras | Common laborers | 15 | |
| 4949431709 | Untrouchables | Lowest class relegated to the worst, menial jobs. | 16 | |
| 4949431710 | Jati | A smaller subgroup within a caste with distinctive occupations tied to a social station by birth. | 17 | |
| 4949431711 | Rig-Veda | The first Aryan epic, and attributed the rise of the caste system to the gods. | 18 | |
| 4949431712 | Polythestic | Indian religion recognized multiple gods and goddesses who presided over fire, sun, death and other natural phenomenon. | 19 | |
| 4949431713 | Indra | The god of thunder and strength: chief deity of the Aryans; depicted as a colossal, hard-drinking warrior. | 20 | |
| 4949431714 | Upanishads | Collection of works that became the basis for Hindu beliefs that expressed how nature was shaped by gods and a divine force. | 21 | |
| 4949431715 | Chandragupta Maurya | Soldier, who in 322 B.C.E. became the first leader of the Mauryan Dynasty. | 22 | |
| 4949431716 | Autocratic | A style of governing that relies heavily on a ruler's personal and military power. | 23 | |
| 4949431717 | Ashoka | grandson of Chandragupta Maurya; extended conquests of the dynasty; converted to Buddhism and sponsored its spread throughout his empire. | 24 | |
| 4949431718 | Dharma | the caste position and career determined by a person's birth; Hindu culture required that one accept one's social position and perform their occupation to the best of one's ability in order to have a better situation in the next life. | 25 | |
| 4949431719 | Kanishka | Great Kushnan king who invaded India from the NW after the fall of the Mauryan Dynasty. | 26 | |
| 4949431720 | Kautilya | Political advisor to Chnadragupta whose work the Arthashastra told leaders how to keep power similar to Legalism in China. | 27 | |
| 4949642088 | Buddha | creator of a major Indian and Asian religion; born in the 6th century B.C.E.; taught that enlightenment could be achieved only by abandoning desires for earthly things. | 28 | |
| 4949814381 | Gurus | originally referred to as brahmans, who served as teachers for the princes of the imperial court of the Guptas. | 29 | |
| 4949826514 | Vishnu | the brahman, later Hindu, god of sacrifice; widely worshipped. | 30 | |
| 4949838999 | Shiva | Hindu god of destruction and reproduction; worshipped as the personification of cosmic forces of change. | 31 | |
| 4949842219 | reincarnation | the successive rebirth of the soul according to merits earned in previous lives. | 32 | |
| 4949855718 | nirvana | the Buddhist state of enlightenment; a state of tranquility. | 33 | |
| 4949860086 | Kamasutra | written by Vatsayana during Gupta era; offered instructions on all aspects of life for higher-caste males, including grooming, hygiene, etiquette, selection of wives, and lovemaking. | 34 | |
| 4949871568 | stupas | stone shrines built to house relics of the Buddha; preserved Buddhist architectural forms. | 35 | |
| 4949874800 | scholar-gentry | Chinese class created by the marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi; superseded shi as governors of China. | 36 |
