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| 3333024053 | Who did Muhammad marry first? How did that benefit him? | He married Khadija. He gained position of some prominence in Mecca. | 0 | |
| 3333033476 | Describe the religions most practiced in the Arabian peninsular before Muhammad's time. | Most Arab were Animism (polytheism) or practiced Judaism. | 1 | |
| 3333051629 | Who are the Ummayads? | Muhammad's family who refused to adopt Muhammad's religion. | 2 | |
| 3333057179 | Describe Muhammad's spiritual transformation | About 600 CE, Muhammad met the angel Gabriel who instructed him to go and educate the public on Allah. | 3 | |
| 3333063701 | What is the Quran? | Written texts or "recitations" on Muhammad's revelations which became the holy book of Islam. | 4 | |
| 3333074783 | What is Hadith? | Most important religious guidance after Qaran that include sayings attributed to Muhammad and accounts of his deeds. | 5 | |
| 3333081348 | Describe the conflict that arose in Mecca with Muhammad's influence. | The wealthy elites (Ummayads) felt threatened by Muhammad's claim that Allah was the only God since their economy depended on polytheistic idolatry. Thus they started persecuting the prophet and his followers. | 6 | |
| 3333106261 | Name and describe one of the most famous shrines in Mecca | The Ka'ba. It drew worshipers from all over Arabia as well as wealth. It's the cornerstone of Islamic faith. | 7 | |
| 3333113032 | What is hijra? | Muhammad's move to Medina and the starting point of the official Islamic calendar. | 8 | |
| 3333120618 | Who did Muhammad claim to be? | He claimed himself as the "seal of the prophet" as well as final prophet sent by Allah. | 9 | |
| 3333123226 | What is hajj? | Muhammad's pilgrimage to Mecca. | 10 | |
| 3333128902 | What are the 5 pillars of Islam? | 1. Acknowledging Allah 2. Praying to Allah daily facing Mecca 3. Observe a fast 4. Contribute alms for weak and poor 5. Make at least 1 pilgrimage to Mecca (if financially and physically capable) | 11 | |
| 3333138376 | What is "jihad"? | "Struggle" against vice and ignorance of Islam or holy war. | 12 | |
| 3333148120 | What is the Sharia? | Islamic law (originating from Quran and Hadith) that became the doctrine of Muslim and further expanded as a way of life. | 13 | |
| 3333163170 | Who leaded the Umma after Muhammad's death? | Abu Bakr who was the "caliph" (deputy) as well as Muhammad's father-in-law uncle. | 14 | |
| 3333164951 | What is a "caliph"? | Plotical and religious leader. | 15 | |
| 3333175878 | What were the difficulties the Islamic faith faced after Muhammad's death? | Division among selecting caliphs. Debated over Ummayads (descendants of Muhammad) vs devout followers that may or may not be Muhammad's descendants. | 16 | |
| 3333182301 | Who is Umar? | Leader after Abu who was a convert as well as a trusted adviser. He was murdered. | 17 | |
| 3333190222 | Who took lead after Umar? | Uthman who was also murdered. He was Muhammad's cousin. | 18 | |
| 3343436894 | What is the Umma? | Community of the faithful | 19 | |
| 3343454472 | How can caliph be compared to caesoropapism? | Power in politics and religions | 20 | |
| 3343459943 | How did the power split over the appointing of caliphs? | Ummayads vs Hashimites | 21 | |
| 3343472151 | When did the Umayyad dynasty officially begin? | After the killings of Hashimites | 22 | |
| 3343479229 | Describe the Umayyad dynasty | One of the most thriving merchant clans in Mecca. Established capital at Damascus. | 23 | |
| 3343492853 | Who was the first caliph of Umayyad dynasty? | Muawya | 24 | |
| 3343508032 | What problems came up in the Umayyad administration? | Tightly centralized rule and favoring the Arabs (Arab aristocracy) | 25 | |
| 3343515126 | Describe the policy enacted towards the conquered people in the Islamic realm | Allowed conquered people to practice their own religion in exchange for heavy taxes (jizya) and did not give opportunity to acquire wealth to those who converted | 26 | |
| 3343528022 | What 2 religions were considered as "people in the book"? | Christians and Jews | 27 | |
| 3343543018 | How did Islamic faith spread to Spain? | A caliph of Umayyad dynasty established his "caliphship" in northern Spain. | 28 | |
| 3343550906 | Why did the Umayyad dynasty begin to decline? | Shia faction claiming that Ali's descendants as caliphs and the resentment of conquered people along with lack of focus in leadership. | 29 | |
| 3343562461 | What marked the end of the Umayyad dynasty? | The Persian attack led by Abul-al-Abbas. He annihilated the Umayyad clan and founded the Abbasid dynasty which was the principle source of authority in the "dar-al-islam" until the Mongols | 30 | |
| 3343571598 | What happened in 732CE? | Battle of Tours in Europe | 31 | |
| 3343582631 | Describe the difference between Umayyad dynasty and Abbasid dynasty | Abbasid dynasty did not favor Arab aristocracy, was not a conquering dynasty, and had good administration | 32 | |
| 3343590024 | Describe the Abbasid government | Cosmopolitan government, relied heavily on Persian techniques of stagecraft, and central authority came from Baghdad (new capital). Had internal income, and postal service. | 33 | |
| 3343602742 | How did Persian traditions influence Islam? | Persian traditions influenced Islamic political and cultural leaders, and influenced literature, poem, and political reflection | 34 | |
| 3343609563 | Name 2 famous literature of the Persian society | Rubaiyat and The Arabian Nights | 35 | |
| 3343613406 | How did Greek influence Islamic realm? | Greek philosophical, scientific, and medical writings. Plate and Aristotle's works were interpreted in commentaries. | 36 | |
| 3343618318 | When did all the foreign influence occur? | During the Abbasid dynasty | 37 | |
| 3351618474 | Describe the battle at Talas River | Ended the expansion of Tang dynasty | 38 | |
| 3351658460 | Who are the "Ulama" and "qadis"? | "People with knowledge" and "judges". They are pious scholars who developed public policy in accordance with the Quran and "sharia" | 39 | |
| 3351684901 | Who was the most prominent ruler in Abbasid dynasty? What things did he do? | Harun al-Rashid. He supported writers and artists. He donated gifts on his favorites, distributed money to poor, and send presents to Charlemagne. | 40 | |
| 3351711150 | Describe the decline of Abbasid | Succession issues among Harun's sons became a big problem --> decline of imperial power --> local bases seceding --> division of Shia sect--> caliphs became puppets | 41 | |
| 3351730845 | Who took over the Abbasid dynasty? (name them by order) | Persian noble family seized control, then the sultan (Saljuq Turks), and then the Mongols | 42 | |
| 3351739448 | When did the mongols take over? | 1258 CE | 43 | |
| 3351748011 | How did the power of caliphs decline? | When the Turks came they introduced Sultans to rule along with caliphs and gave most power to sultans starting from religious power. | 44 | |
| 3351773514 | Where did the veiling of women come from? | Persians | 45 | |
| 3403477551 | Where did Muhammad flee to from Mecca? | Medina | 46 | |
| 3403479412 | What is "Dar al Islaam"? | The house of Islam | 47 | |
| 3403484310 | Describe the overland trade travel in the Islamic Empire | Mostly used camel caravan and Dar-al-Islaam took over silk road | 48 | |
| 3403488861 | What technologies contributed in maritime trade? | Compasses from China, lateen sail from Indians and Asians, and astrolabe from Hellenistic Mediterranean | 49 | |
| 3403501562 | Describe how banking stimulated economy in the Islamic Empire? | Provided large scaled service, exchanged difficult currencies, and issued "sakk" (checks). | 50 | |
| 3403507460 | What is Al-Andalus? | Islamic Spain that formed Cordoba | 51 | |
| 3403518427 | How did the Quran affect women's life? | Quran promoted equal rights to women under Allah such as offering dowries to wives, and Muhammad also treated his wives well which served as an example. Yet, the Quran reinforced male's authority over female's leading to a strong patriarchal society | 52 | |
| 3403533767 | Who were the most effective Islamic missionaries? Describe their practices. | The "Sufis". They didn't value formal teachings of Islamic doctrines, and rather valued devotion to Allah and spiritual awareness | 53 | |
| 3403554782 | Who is the most famous Sufis? | Al-Ghazali | 54 | |
| 3403572384 | How did the Indian influence the Islamic realm? | Indian mathematics, science, and medicine | 55 |
