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| 8239996313 | Monosaccharide | A monomer which makes up carbohydrates. Carbohydrates can also be present in this form. These are typically sweet-tasting and used as an immediate energy source for cells Ex: glucose, fructose and galactose. | 0 | |
| 8240022386 | Disaccharide | A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis, forming a glycosidic linkage. These are small enough to be soluble in water and are used as a transport form. Ex: lactose, maltose, sucrose | 1 | |
| 8240030540 | Polysaccharide | A polymer of thousands of simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis. These are used in energy storage, cell structure or in cell recognition Ex: cellulose, glycogen, starch | 2 | |
| 8241592217 | Cellulose | A polysaccharide found in plant cell walls It is a linear molecule composed of beta-glucose in a 1,4 arrangement. | 3 | |
| 8241609429 | Starch | A polysaccharide used for energy storage in plants It is composed of alpha-glucose in a 1,4 arrangement Exists in two forms | 4 | |
| 8241737602 | Fatty Acid | Long hydrocarbon chains found in certain types of lipids (triglycerides and phospholipids) They may differ in length (4-24 carbons typically) and in the number of double bonds | 5 | |
| 8241787146 | Saturated Fatty Acid | This type of fatty acid does not possess any double bonds. Therefore, it has the maximum possible number of Hydrogen atoms. They are linear in structure, originate from animal sources (ex.: fats) and are typically solid at room temperature. | 6 | |
| 8241811934 | Monounsaturated Fatty Acid | This type of fatty acid possesses one double bond It is bent in structure, originates from plant sources (oils) and is typically liquid at room temperature. | 7 | |
| 8241848539 | Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid | This type of fatty acid possess more than one double bond It is bent in structure, originates from plant sources (oils) and is typically liquid at room temperature. | 8 | |
| 8241851571 | Cis (fatty acid) | One type of unsaturated fatty acid isomer. The hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon double bond are on the same side | 9 | |
| 8241869858 | Trans (fatty acid) | One type of unsaturated fatty acid isomer The hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon double bond are on different sides These do not commonly occur in nature and are typically produced by an industrial process called hydrogenation They are generally linear in structure (despite being unsaturated) and are usually solid at room temperature | 10 | |
| 8241907373 | Triglyceride | Largest class of lipids which function primarily as long-term energy storage molecules They are formed when condensation reactions occur between one glycerol and three fatty acids (the condensation reactions created 3 molecules of water) Animals tend to store these as fats (solid), while plants tend to store these as oils (liquid) | 11 | |
| 8329262509 | Primary protein structure | Peptide bond that forms a linear sequence of amino acids | 12 | |
| 8329268894 | Secondary protein structure | Helix structure that occurs when the sequence of amino acids are linked by H bonds | 13 | |
| 8329273398 | Tertiary protein structure | Structure when protein molecules fold back on themselves; hydrophobic projections are now inside of the structure, hydrophilic projections are facing outside. | 14 | |
| 8329283709 | Denaturation | Loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor | 15 | |
| 8329319728 | Quaternary protein structure | Structure that is made up of two or more polypeptide chains and refers to the way the multiple subunits are held together in a multi-subunit complex | 16 | |
| 8329608344 | Monomer | A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers | 17 | |
| 8329608345 | Polymer | A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together. | 18 | |
| 8329609947 | Anabolism | Synthetic, energy-requiring reactions whereby small molecules are built up into larger ones. | 19 | |
| 8329610892 | Catabolism | Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy. | 20 | |
| 8329630557 | Hydrolysis | Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water | 21 | |
| 8329630558 | Condensation reaction | Reaction in which two molecules join together with the loss of a small molecule, typically water. | 22 | |
| 8329643733 | D-ribose (deoxyribose) |  | 23 | |
| 8329664834 | Alpha-glucose |  | 24 | |
| 8329665971 | Beta-glucose |  | 25 | |
| 8329667665 | Triglyceride (drawing) |  | 26 | |
| 8329671060 | Phospholipid |  | 27 | |
| 8329672825 | Steroid |  | 28 | |
| 8329682544 | Cellulose (drawing) |  | 29 | |
| 8329684982 | Glycogen (drawing) |  | 30 | |
| 8329688420 | Amylose (Starch) |  | 31 | |
| 8329689508 | Amylopectin (starch) |  | 32 | |
| 8329700673 | Amylose | Carbohydrate found in plants. Alpha-glucose subunits, 1-4 bonds Harder to digest and less soluble but takes less space so it is preferred for energy storage in plants. | 33 | |
| 8329703334 | Amylopectin | Carbohydrate found in plants Alpha-glucose subunits, 1-4 and 1-6 bonds Branching approx. every 20 subunits | 34 | |
| 8329706665 | Glycogen | Carbohydrate found in animals Alpha-glucose subunits, 1-4 and 1-6 bonds Branching approx. every 10 subunits | 35 | |
| 8334648458 | (Function of) triglyceride | This biomolecule is used as a long-term storage molecule in animals and plants. | 36 | |
| 8334726705 | (Function of) cellulose | This biomolecule provides support in plant cell walland | 37 | |
| 8334754034 | (Function of) starch | This biomolecule provides short-term energy storage in plants | 38 | |
| 8334767974 | (Function of) glycogen | This biomolecule provides short-term energy storage in animals (found in liver) | 39 | |
| 8334809574 | Sucrose | A disaccharide made of alpha-glucose and fructose | 40 | |
| 8334810020 | Maltose | A disaccharide made of two units of alpha-glucose | 41 | |
| 8334823589 | Lactose | A disaccharide made of beta-glucose and galactose | 42 | |
| 8345916229 | Urea |  | 43 | |
| 8345926993 | 2NH3+CO2=H2N-COONH4=CN2H4O+H2O | Urea creation formula | 44 | |
| 8352894192 | Amino Acid (General Structure) |  | 45 | |
| 8352970686 | Alpha helix | The spiral shape resulting from the coiling of a polypeptide in a protein's secondary structure | 46 | |
| 8352977089 | Beta-pleated sheets | This shape occurs when the amino acid sequence adopts a directionally-oriented staggered strand conformation | 47 | |
| 8353032337 | Haemoglobin (hemoglobin) | This protein is composed of two alpha chains and two beta chains as well as iron-containing haeme groups | 48 | |
| 8353083143 | Transcription | The organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA | 49 | |
| 8353088468 | Translation | Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced | 50 | |
| 8353100328 | Proteome | The complete set of proteins that can be expressed by the genetic material of an organism. | 51 | |
| 8353165181 | Structure (structural) | Collagen and spider silk are examples of _____ proteins | 52 | |
| 8353169890 | Hormone (hormonal) | Insulin and glucagon are examples of _____ proteins | 53 | |
| 8353196411 | Immunity | Immunoglobulin is an example of a _____ protein | 54 | |
| 8353205856 | Transport | Hemoglobin is an example of a ____ protein | 55 | |
| 8353216958 | Sensation | Rhodopsin is an example of a _____ protein | 56 | |
| 8353226101 | Movement | Actin and myosin are examples of ____ proteins | 57 | |
| 8353230223 | Enzyme | Rubisco and catalase are examples of ____ proteins | 58 | |
| 8353375908 | Enzyme | A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing Typically named after the molecules they react with and end with the suffix -ase | 59 | |
| 8353387416 | Substrate | A specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme | 60 | |
| 8353414567 | Active Site |  | 61 | |
| 8353435494 | Brownian motion | The random motion of small particles suspended in a gas or liquid | 62 | |
| 8353693973 | Induced fit (model) | Model which refers to an enzyme's active site undergoing a change in shape to accommodate the substrates. | 63 | |
| 8353707125 | Lock and key (model) | According to this model, an enzyme's active site complements the substrate completely | 64 | |
| 8369316266 | Nucleic Acid (Structure) |  | 65 | |
| 8369439202 | Enzyme-Substrate Complex | A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecule(s). | 66 |
