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Biochemistry Flashcards

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7086559065matterAnything that has mass and takes up space0
7086559712elementA substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances1
7086560211main elementscarbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur (CHONPS)2
7086561870atomSmallest particle of an element3
7086562397protonpositively charged particle4
7086564159neutronA subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom5
7086564673atomic massNumber of protons and neutrons6
7086566110atomic numberThe number of protons in the nucleus of an atom7
7086566699electronA subatomic particle that has a negative charge8
7086567398compoundA substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds9
7086568336ionic bondFormed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another10
7086568843covalent bondA chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule11
7086571734hydrogen bondan attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom12
7086573154polarMolecule with partial charges. Mixes with water.13
7086574609solventA liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances14
7086575662cohesionWater molecules sticking to each other.15
7086576038adhesionWater molecules sticking to other surfaces.16
7086576553surface tensionresults from the cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water17
7086576970acidcompound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution18
7086578077baseA substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.19
7086578729water ph720
7086579904enzymeA type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing21
7086580229carbohydrate formula(CH2O)n simple sugars + their polymers22
7086580663nucleic acidsDNA and RNA23
7086581333lipidsNonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol24
7086581847proteinconsist of amino acids and play a central role in biological processes25
7086582988saturated fatsSolid at room temperature26
7086583411unsaturated fatsliquid at room temperature27
7086584354monosaccharideA single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.28

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