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| 5795146193 | gunpowder | an explosive consisting of a powdered mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal; earliest known propellant explosive; used for quarry blasting, fuses, and fireworks | 0 | |
| 5795146194 | Li Yuan | aka Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assassination of Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu | 1 | |
| 5795146195 | Chan Buddhism | Knowns as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of the elite class | 2 | |
| 5795146196 | Yang Guifei | royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into royal administration led to revolt | 3 | |
| 5795146197 | Zhu Xi | Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action | 4 | |
| 5795146198 | Xi Xia | kingdom of Tangut people, north of Song kingdom in mid 11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry | 5 | |
| 5795146199 | junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, strenpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula | 6 | |
| 5795146200 | Hangzhou | capital of Song dynasty | 7 | |
| 5795146201 | Wendi | formerly known as Yang Jian; northern aristocrat that struck a marriage alliance between his daughter and ruler of northern Zhou; later seized the throne from his son-in-law and proclaimed himself emperor and took the title Wendi | 8 | |
| 5795146202 | Ministry of Rites | Administered examinations to students from Chinese government schools or thise recommended by distinguished scholars | 9 | |
| 5795146203 | Pure Land Buddhism | emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among masses of Chinese society | 10 | |
| 5795146204 | Xuanzong | Leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned 713-755 though he encouraged overexpansion | 11 | |
| 5795146205 | Wang Anshi | Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society | 12 | |
| 5795146206 | Liao dynasty | founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song dynasty in China | 13 | |
| 5795146207 | flying money | chinese credit instrument taht provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency | 14 | |
| 5795146208 | footbinding | practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women in household | 15 | |
| 5795146209 | Yangdi | second member of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 618 | 16 | |
| 5795146210 | jinshi | title granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination in all if Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office | 17 | |
| 5795146211 | Wuzong | Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monasteries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology | 18 | |
| 5795146212 | Zhao Kuangyin | founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent | 19 | |
| 5795146213 | Jurchens | founders of the Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south | 20 | |
| 5795146214 | southern Song | rump state of Song dynasty from 1127-1279; carved out much of larger domains ruled by the Tang and northern Song; culturally one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history | 21 | |
| 5795146215 | Chang'an | capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million, larger than any other city in the world at that time | 22 | |
| 5795146216 | Li Bo | most famous poet of Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings | 23 |
