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| 6163094621 | Evliya Çelebi | (1610-1683) The most famous of Ottoman travelers:his writings contain rich portraits of his own society as well as those he visited in Europe, Iran, Arabia, and North Africa. | 0 | |
| 6163094622 | Janissaries | An elite corps of slaves trained as professional soldiers in the Ottoman military. Janissary soldiers were Christian youths from the Balkans who were pressed into service and forced to convert into Islam. | 1 | |
| 6163097139 | Süleyman | (r. 1520-1566) Credited with the development of literature, art, architecture, and law and for inclusive policies toward religious minorities, Süleyman extended the Ottoman empire while maintaining economic and political stability. | 2 | |
| 6163097261 | Safavid dynasty | (1501-1722) Dynasty that established Shi'ite Islam as the state religion in Iran and challenged the powerful Ottoman empire. The Safavids fell to invaders from Central Asia in the early eighteenth century. | 3 | |
| 6163099480 | Abbas I | (r. 1587-1629) Safavid ruler who created a long and stable reign, beautified the capital city of Isfahan, promoted foreign trade, and repelled Ottoman invaders. | 4 | |
| 6163099481 | Sufi | A mystical form of Islam in which adherents follow a set of specified practices, often involving meditation and rhythmic movement, in an attempt to become closer to God. Sufis pay great respect to the leaders of their brotherhood even after death, often erecting shrines, which they visit as saints' tombs. | 5 | |
| 6163101344 | Habsburg dynasty | Powerful ruling house that expanded from Austria to Spain, the Netherlands, and the Spanish empire, as well as throughout the German-speaking world when Charles V (r. 1516-1556) was elected Holy Roman emperor. | 6 | |
| 6163102674 | Philip II | (r. 1556-1598) Son of Charles V and king of Spain. Considering himself a defender of Catholicism, Philip launched attacks on Protestants in England and the Netherlands. | 7 | |
| 6163102675 | John Calvin | (1509-1564) A Protestant leader whose followers emphasized individual scriptural study and the absolute sovereignty of God. | 8 | |
| 6163104645 | Thirty Years' War | (1618-1648) Series of wars fought by various European powers on German-speaking lands. Began as a competition between Catholic and Lutheran rulers and was complicated by the dynastic and strategic interests of Europe's major powers. | 9 | |
| 6163106604 | Louis XIV | (r. 1643-1715) Known as the "Sun King," Louis epitomized royal absolutism and established firm control over the French state. Aggressively pursued military domination of Europe while patronizing French arts from his court at Versailles. | 10 | |
| 6163109996 | Puritans | Seventeenth-century reformers of the Church of England who attempted to purge the church of all Catholic influences. They were Calvinists who emphasized Bible reading, simplicity and modesty, and the rejection of priestly authority and elaborate rituals. | 11 | |
| 6163113939 | Bill of Rights | In 1689, King William and Queen Mary of England recognized a Bill of Rights that protected their subjects against arbitrary seizure of person or property and that required annual meetings of Parliament. | 12 | |
| 6163115422 | Peter the Great | (r. 1685-1725) Powerful Romanov tsar who built a new Russian capital at St. Petersburg, emulated Western advances in military technology, and extended the Russian empire further into Asia. | 13 | |
| 6163115423 | Ashkenazim | The largest group in the Jewish diaspora, speaking the German-derived language of Yiddish and living in central and eastern Europe. | 14 | |
| 6163117861 | Prussia | With its capital in Berlin, Prussia was the rising German power of the eighteenth century. Its military prowess set it in competition with Habsburg Austria for influence over the many German-speaking kingdoms and principalities. | 15 |
