Made by Christine Eugenio
7265438587 | Land Bridges page: 133 significance: Interaction | Temporary land bridges joined regions that both before and after the ice ages were separated by the seas. One land bridge linked Siberia with Alaska. Another joined the continent of Australia to the island of New Guinea. | 0 | |
7265438588 | Olmecs page: 135 significance: Interaction, Culture | Olmecs; "The Rubber People" Agricultural villages and ceremonial centers arose in several regions of Mesoamerica. The earliest known and the most thoroughly studied of them appeared on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, near the modern Mexican city of Veracruz, which emerged as the nerve center for Olmec society. Were known for ceremonial centers and colossal heads. | 1 | |
7265438589 | Maya page: 138 significance: Interaction, Economics | The earliest heirs of the Olmecs were the Maya, who created a remarkable society in the region now occupied by southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. Maya cultivators also raised cacao, the large bean that is the source of chocolate. From about 300 to 900 C.E., the Maya built more than eighty large ceremonial cen- ters in the lowlands—all with pyramids, palaces, and temples—as well as numerous smaller settlements. | 2 | |
7265438590 | Tikal page: 138 significance: Politics, Cultures | Tikal, the most important Maya political center between the fourth and the ninth centuries C.E. Tikal was a wealthy and bustling city with a population approaching forty thousand. It boasted enormous paved plazas and scores of temples, pyramids, palaces, and public buildings. | 3 | |
7265439537 | Chichen Itza page: 138 significance: Interactions | Were one of the sizable states organized by the Maya. Small city-kingdom with a population of ten to thirty thousand. | 4 | |
7265439538 | Popol Vuh page: 142 significance: Cultures | Maya creation myth, taught that the gods had created human beings out of maize and water, the ingredients that became human flesh and blood. Maya priests also taught that the gods kept the world going and maintained the agricultural cycle in exchange for honors and sacrifices performed for them by human beings. | 5 | |
7265439934 | Ball Game page: 142 significance: Cultures | Ball game inherited from the Olmecs. The game sometimes pitted two men against each other, but it often involved teams of two to four members apiece. The Maya played the ball game for several reasons. Sometimes individuals competed for sporting purposes, and sometimes players or spectators laid bets on the outcome of contests between professionals. The ball game figured also in Maya political affairs as a ritual that honored the conclusion of treaties. | 6 | |
7265440628 | Teothuacan page: 144 significance: Cultures | The earliest center of that society was the large and bustling city of Teotihuacan, located about 50 kilometers (31 miles) northeast of modern Mexico City. Teotihuacan was probably a large agricultural village by 500 B.C.E. Generated large numbers of books and records that perhaps would have shed light on the character of that authority, they unfortunately perished when the city itself declined. | 7 | |
7265440629 | Palenque page: 138 significance: Interactions | One of the small-kingdoms organized by the Maya. Chan Bahlum sacrificed himself at Palenque. | 8 | |
7265440630 | Temple of Giant Jaguar page: 138 significance: Cultures | The Temple of the Giant Jaguar, a stepped pyramid rising sharply. Dominated the skyline and represented Tikal's control over the surrounding region, which had a population of about five hundred thousand. The temple was 47 meters (154 feet) tall. | 9 | |
7265441245 | Chavin Cult page: 147 significance: Cultures | A new religion that appeared suddenly in central Andes. Scholars have named it after the modern town of Chavín de Huántar, one of the cult's most prominent sites. They probably inspired the building of ceremonial centers rather than the making of true cities. | 10 | |
7265441246 | Mochica page: 148 significance: Interactions, Cultures | The Mochica state had its base in the valley of the Moche River, and it dominated the coasts and valleys of northern Peru during the period about 300 to 700 C.E. Mochica painting survives largely on pottery vessels, and it offers a detailed and expressive depiction of early Andean society in all its variety. Many Mochica ceramics take the form of portraits of individuals' heads. Others represent the major gods and the various subordinate deities and demons. | 11 | |
7265442157 | Austronesians page: 150 significance: Cultures, Economics | The agents of change were seafaring peoples from southeast Asia speaking Austronesian languages. Austronesian seafarers came from societies that depended on the cultivation of root crops and the herding of animals. They introduced yams, taro, pigs, and chickens to the island. | 12 | |
7265442158 | Lapita Peoples page: 151 significance: Interactions, Cultures | The earliest Austronesian migrants to sail out into the Pacific Ocean and establish settlements in Pacific islands are known as the Lapita peoples. The name Lapita comes from a beach in New Caledonia where some of the earliest recognizable Lapita artifacts came to the attention of archaeologists. Lapita peoples established agricultural villages where they raised pigs and chickens and introduced the suite of crops they inherited from their Austronesian ancestors, including yams, taro, breadfruit, and bananas. | 13 | |
7265443260 | Voyage of Ru page: 152 significance: Cultures | Ru was a man of good standing. He built a large sea-worthy canoe. Once the canoe was made, Ru (29 voyagers) set sail into the sea. After three days, they had found new land. | 14 |