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AP World History Chapter 6 Terms Flashcards

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7265438587Land Bridges page: 133 significance: InteractionTemporary land bridges joined regions that both before and after the ice ages were separated by the seas. One land bridge linked Siberia with Alaska. Another joined the continent of Australia to the island of New Guinea.0
7265438588Olmecs page: 135 significance: Interaction, CultureOlmecs; "The Rubber People" Agricultural villages and ceremonial centers arose in several regions of Mesoamerica. The earliest known and the most thoroughly studied of them appeared on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, near the modern Mexican city of Veracruz, which emerged as the nerve center for Olmec society. Were known for ceremonial centers and colossal heads.1
7265438589Maya page: 138 significance: Interaction, EconomicsThe earliest heirs of the Olmecs were the Maya, who created a remarkable society in the region now occupied by southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. Maya cultivators also raised cacao, the large bean that is the source of chocolate. From about 300 to 900 C.E., the Maya built more than eighty large ceremonial cen- ters in the lowlands—all with pyramids, palaces, and temples—as well as numerous smaller settlements.2
7265438590Tikal page: 138 significance: Politics, CulturesTikal, the most important Maya political center between the fourth and the ninth centuries C.E. Tikal was a wealthy and bustling city with a population approaching forty thousand. It boasted enormous paved plazas and scores of temples, pyramids, palaces, and public buildings.3
7265439537Chichen Itza page: 138 significance: InteractionsWere one of the sizable states organized by the Maya. Small city-kingdom with a population of ten to thirty thousand.4
7265439538Popol Vuh page: 142 significance: CulturesMaya creation myth, taught that the gods had created human beings out of maize and water, the ingredients that became human flesh and blood. Maya priests also taught that the gods kept the world going and maintained the agricultural cycle in exchange for honors and sacrifices performed for them by human beings.5
7265439934Ball Game page: 142 significance: CulturesBall game inherited from the Olmecs. The game sometimes pitted two men against each other, but it often involved teams of two to four members apiece. The Maya played the ball game for several reasons. Sometimes individuals competed for sporting purposes, and sometimes players or spectators laid bets on the outcome of contests between professionals. The ball game figured also in Maya political affairs as a ritual that honored the conclusion of treaties.6
7265440628Teothuacan page: 144 significance: CulturesThe earliest center of that society was the large and bustling city of Teotihuacan, located about 50 kilometers (31 miles) northeast of modern Mexico City. Teotihuacan was probably a large agricultural village by 500 B.C.E. Generated large numbers of books and records that perhaps would have shed light on the character of that authority, they unfortunately perished when the city itself declined.7
7265440629Palenque page: 138 significance: InteractionsOne of the small-kingdoms organized by the Maya. Chan Bahlum sacrificed himself at Palenque.8
7265440630Temple of Giant Jaguar page: 138 significance: CulturesThe Temple of the Giant Jaguar, a stepped pyramid rising sharply. Dominated the skyline and represented Tikal's control over the surrounding region, which had a population of about five hundred thousand. The temple was 47 meters (154 feet) tall.9
7265441245Chavin Cult page: 147 significance: CulturesA new religion that appeared suddenly in central Andes. Scholars have named it after the modern town of Chavín de Huántar, one of the cult's most prominent sites. They probably inspired the building of ceremonial centers rather than the making of true cities.10
7265441246Mochica page: 148 significance: Interactions, CulturesThe Mochica state had its base in the valley of the Moche River, and it dominated the coasts and valleys of northern Peru during the period about 300 to 700 C.E. Mochica painting survives largely on pottery vessels, and it offers a detailed and expressive depiction of early Andean society in all its variety. Many Mochica ceramics take the form of portraits of individuals' heads. Others represent the major gods and the various subordinate deities and demons.11
7265442157Austronesians page: 150 significance: Cultures, EconomicsThe agents of change were seafaring peoples from southeast Asia speaking Austronesian languages. Austronesian seafarers came from societies that depended on the cultivation of root crops and the herding of animals. They introduced yams, taro, pigs, and chickens to the island.12
7265442158Lapita Peoples page: 151 significance: Interactions, CulturesThe earliest Austronesian migrants to sail out into the Pacific Ocean and establish settlements in Pacific islands are known as the Lapita peoples. The name Lapita comes from a beach in New Caledonia where some of the earliest recognizable Lapita artifacts came to the attention of archaeologists. Lapita peoples established agricultural villages where they raised pigs and chickens and introduced the suite of crops they inherited from their Austronesian ancestors, including yams, taro, breadfruit, and bananas.13
7265443260Voyage of Ru page: 152 significance: CulturesRu was a man of good standing. He built a large sea-worthy canoe. Once the canoe was made, Ru (29 voyagers) set sail into the sea. After three days, they had found new land.14

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