Terms : Hide Images
| 6142915347 | Gudrid Thorfinn Karlsefni | A couple originally from Iceland who settled in about 1000 in Greenland and then Canada and later returned to Iceland. | 0 | |
| 6142915348 | Byzantine Empire | (476-1453) Eastern half of the Roman Empire after the loss of the Western half in 476. Sometimes simply called Byzantium. | 1 | |
| 6142917879 | patriarch | In the 400s and 500s the highest-ranking bishop of the four major Christian church centers at Constantinople, Alexandria, Jerusalem, and Antioch. | 2 | |
| 6142917880 | pope | In the 400s and 500s the pope was the highest-ranking bishop in Rome, and by 1000, the pope was recognized as leader of the Catholic Church in Rome. | 3 | |
| 6142921227 | Justinian Corpus of Civil Law | Consisting of the Code, the Digest, and the Institutes, this compendium preserved the core of Roman law for succeeding ages. | 4 | |
| 6142921228 | plague | Refers to two distinct illnesses, bubonic plague and the almost always fatal pneumonic plague, forming two phases of an outbreak. | 5 | |
| 6142924096 | iconoclasts | Members of a movement calling for the destruction of images of Jesus, Mary, and the saints because they were believed to violate the Second Commandment of the Hebrew Bible. | 6 | |
| 6142924097 | Frankish kingdom | The homeland of the Franks, including much of modern-day France, Germany, and the land in between. | 7 | |
| 6142925739 | wergeld | Literally "man-payment," an important legal concept that set the monetary value of a human life. The function pf wergeld payments was to prevent an endless cycle of killing and counter-killing among feuding families. | 8 | |
| 6142925740 | war-band | The most important social unit among Germanic-speaking people. In times of war, warriors formed bands behind a leader, who gave them horses, armor, a place to live, and a share of plunder. | 9 | |
| 6142928901 | Merovingian dynasty | A Frankish dynasty (481-751) in modern-day France and Germany whose founder, Clovis (r. 481-511), converted to Christianity and ruled as a war-band leader. | 10 | |
| 6142931088 | Carolingian dynasty | (751-ca. 1000) An important aristocratic family that overthrew the merovingian rulers in 751. Their most powerful ruler was Charlemagne. After his death, the empire split into three sections, each under a different Carolingian ruler. | 11 | |
| 6142931089 | Viking | Term used for those Scandinavians who left home to loot coastal towns and who were most active between 793 and 1066. | 12 | |
| 6142931090 | longboat | Boat used by the Vikings to make raids; made of wood and equipped with both oars and sails, they were the fastest mode of transport before 1000. | 13 | |
| 6142933304 | Daneclaw | Region including much of northern and eastern England, over which the Scandinavians maintained tenuous control between 866 and 954. | 14 | |
| 6142935941 | The Vineyard Sagas | Term for Erik the Red's Saga and The Greenlanders' Saga, composed in Old Norse, that recount events around the year 1000. Both were written down between 1200 and 1400. | 15 | |
| 6142938492 | Bjarni Herjolfsson | The first European according to The Vinland Sagas, to sail to the Americas, most likely sometime in the 990s. | 16 | |
| 6142938493 | Skraelings | Term in The Vinland Sagas for the Amerindians living on the coast of Canada and possibly northern Maine, where the Scandinavians established temporary settlements. | 17 | |
| 6142940047 | Rus | Name given to themselves by people who lived in the region stretching from the Arctic to the north sore of the Black Sea and from the Baltic Sea to the Caspian Sea. | 18 | |
| 6142940048 | Slavs | The people who, around 500, occupied much of the lower Danube River Valley near the Black Sea. They moved north and east for the next five hundred years and enlarged the area where their language, an ancestor of Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, and Czech, was spoken. | 19 | |
| 6142941327 | Principality of Kiev | A new state that began as a trading post on the Dnieper River and evolved into a principality around 900. | 20 |
