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| 9211066947 | Prokaryotic | A microscopic single-celled organism which has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles, including the bacteria and cyanobacteria. | 0 | |
| 9211066948 | Eukaryotic | An organism whose cells contain a nucleus surrounded by a membrane and whose DNA is bound together by proteins (histones) into chromosomes. | 1 | |
| 9211066949 | Cell | The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism. | 2 | |
| 9211066950 | Cell | The simplest collection of matter that can be alive. | 3 | |
| 9211066951 | Prokaryotic | The organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of _____________ cells. | 4 | |
| 9211066952 | Eukaryotic | Protists, fungi, animals, and plants all consist of ________ cells. | 5 | |
| 9211066953 | Protist | An informal term referring to a group of mostly unicellular eukaryotes. | 6 | |
| 9211066954 | Plasma membrane | All cells are bounded by a selective barrier called the: | 7 | |
| 9211066955 | Cytosol | A semifluid jelly like substance contained in all cells: | 8 | |
| 9211066956 | Chromosomes | All cells contain _______________________, which carry genes in the form of DNA. | 9 | |
| 9211066957 | DNA | All cells contain chromosomes, which carry genes in the form of _________________. | 10 | |
| 9211066958 | Eukaryotic | In a ________________________ cell, most of the DNA is in an organelle called the nucleus, which is bounded by a double membrane. | 11 | |
| 9211066959 | Prokaryotic | In a ______________________ cell, the DNA is concentrated in a region that is not membrane enclosed called the nucleoid. | 12 | |
| 9211066960 | Fimbriae | Attachment structures on the surface of some prokaryotes. | 13 | |
| 9211066961 | Fimbriae | What does the yellow represent? |  | 14 |
| 9211066962 | Nucleoid | Region where the cell's DNA is located (not enclosed by a membrane). | 15 | |
| 9211066963 | Nucleoid |  | 16 | |
| 9211066964 | Ribosomes | Complexes that synthesize proteins | 17 | |
| 9211066965 | Plasma membrane | Membrane enclosing the cytoplasm. | 18 | |
| 9211066966 | Plasma membrane |  | 19 | |
| 9211066967 | Cell wall | Rigid structure outside the plasma membrane. | 20 | |
| 9211066968 | Capsule | Jellylike out coating of many prokaryotes. | 21 | |
| 9211066969 | Flagella | Locomotion organelles of some bacteria | 22 | |
| 9211066970 | Flagella | What are 6 objects coming off the cell called? |  | 23 |
| 9211066971 | Eukaryotic | Means "true nucleus." | 24 | |
| 9211066972 | Prokaryotic | Means "Before nucleus" | 25 | |
| 9211066973 | Cytoplasm | The interior of either a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell is called the | 26 | |
| 9211066974 | True | In a eukaryotic cell cytoplasm refers only to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane (T/F) | 27 | |
| 9211066975 | False | In a prokaryotic cell cytoplasm refers only to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane (T/F) | 28 | |
| 9211066976 | Eukaryotic | Within the cytoplasm of a _______________________ cell, suspended in cytosol, are a variety of organelles of specialized form and function. | 29 | |
| 9211066977 | False | Due to the lack of organelles the prokaryotic cytoplasm is essentially a "formless soup." (T/F) | 30 | |
| 9211066978 | Plasma membrane | Functions as a selective barrier that allows passage of enough oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire cell. | 31 | |
| 9211066979 | True | A smaller object has a greater ratio of surface area to volume. (T/F) | 32 | |
| 9211066980 | False | A larger object has a greater ratio of surface area to volume. (T/F) | 33 | |
| 9211066981 | Less | As a cell grows its surface area grows proportionally ________ than its volume. | 34 | |
| 9211066982 | False | Larger organisms have slightly larger cells than smaller organisms, to provide efficiency. (T/F) | 35 | |
| 9211066983 | True | Larger organisms have more cells, not larger, as compared to a smaller organism. (T/F) | 36 | |
| 9211066984 | True | The need for surface area sufficiently large to accommodate the volume helps explain the microscopic size of most cells and narrow, elongated shapes of others. (T/F) | 37 | |
| 9211066985 | Microvilli | Increase the surface area without an appreciable volume increase. | 38 | |
| 9211066986 | Eukaryotic | This type of cell has elaborately arranged internal membranes that divide the cell into compartments. | 39 | |
| 9211066987 | Plasma membrane and organelle membranes | Participate directly in the cell's metabolism: | 40 | |
| 9211066988 | Phospholipids | The basic fabric of most biological membranes is a double layer of ______________________________. | 41 | |
| 9211066989 | Proteins | _______________ are embedded or attached to the surface of the lipid bilayer. | 42 | |
| 9211066990 | Centrosome | Region where the cell's microtubules are initiated, contains a pair of centrioles. | 43 | |
| 9211066991 | Cytoskeleton | Reinforces cell's shape, functions in cell movement. Components are made of protein. | 44 | |
| 9211066992 | Cytoskeleton | Microfiliments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules are all part of the ______________________. | 45 | |
| 9211066993 | Peroxisome | Organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product, then converts it to water. | 46 | |
| 9211066994 | Mitochondrion | Organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated. | 47 | |
| 9211066995 | Lysosome | Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed. | 48 | |
| 9211066996 | Golgi apparatus | Organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products. | 49 | |
| 9211066997 | Endoplasmic Reticulum | Network of membranous sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes; has rough and smooth regions. | 50 | |
| 9211066998 | Nuclear envelope | Double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores, continuous with ER. | 51 | |
| 9211066999 | Nucleolus | Nonmembranous structure involved in production of ribosomes; has one or more nucleoli. | 52 | |
| 9211067000 | Chromatin | Material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible in dividing cell as individual condensed chromosomes. | 53 | |
| 9211067001 | Cell wall | Outer layer that maintains cell's shape and protects cell from mechanical damage, made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein. | 54 | |
| 9211067002 | Plasmodesmata | Cytoplasmic channels through cell walls that connect cytoplasms of adjacent cells. | 55 | |
| 9211067003 | Central vacuole | Prominent organelle in older plant cells; functions include storage, breakdown of waste products, and hydrolysis of macromolecules; enlargement of this structure is a major mechanism of plant growth. | 56 | |
| 9211067004 | Ribosomes | Use information from the DNA to make proteins. | 57 | |
| 9211067005 | Nucleus | Houses most of the cell's DNA and the ribosomes. | 58 | |
| 9211067006 | Nucleus | Contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell. | 59 | |
| 9211067007 | Mitochondria and chloroplasts | Disregarding the nucleus some genes can also be stored in the: | 60 | |
| 9211067008 | Pore complex | A collection of membrane-associated proteins that regulate the passage of large molecules between the cytoplasm and the cell nucleus. | 61 | |
| 9211067009 | Nuclear lamina | A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope. | 62 | |
| 9211067010 | Nuclear matrix | A framework of protein fibers extending throughout the nuclear interior.. | 63 | |
| 9211067011 | Chromosomes | Structures that carry the genetic information | 64 | |
| 9211067012 | Chromatin | The complex of DNA and proteins making up chromosomes. | 65 | |
| 9211067013 | Chromatin | When a cell is not dividing stained ___________________ appears as a diffuse mass in micrographs and the chromosomes cannot be distinguished from each other even though discrete chromosomes are present. | 66 | |
| 9211067014 | Chromosomes | When a cell is not dividing stained chromatin appears as a diffuse mass in micrographs and the _______________________ cannot be distinguished from each other even though discrete chromosomes are present. | 67 | |
| 9211067015 | Chromatin | As a cell prepares to divide the __________________ coil (condense) further, becoming thick enough to distinguished under a microscope as separate structures. | 68 | |
| 9211067016 | True | Each eukaryotic species has a characteristic of chromosomes. (T/F) | 69 | |
| 9211067017 | False | All eukaryotic species have 46 chromosomes. (T/F) | 70 | |
| 9211067018 | Nucleolus | Plural of nucleoli | 71 | |
| 9211067019 | Nucleolus | A prominent structure within the nondividing nucleus. It appears through the electron microscope as a mass of densely stained granules and fibers adjoining part of the chromatin. | 72 | |
| 9211067020 | RNA | Is synthesized from instructions in the DNA. | 73 | |
| 9211067021 | Ribosomes | Made of a special RNA and protein. Are the cellular components that carry out protein synthesis. | 74 | |
| 9211067022 | Ribosomes | Cells that have high rates of protein synthesis have particularly large numbers of __________________. | 75 | |
| 9211067023 | Free | _______ ribosomes are suspended in the cytosol. | 76 | |
| 9211067024 | Bound | ________________ ribosomes are attached to the outside of the nuclear envelope or endoplasmic reticulum. | 77 | |
| 9211067025 | True | Bound and free ribosomes are structurally identical and can even alternate between roles. (T/F) | 78 | |
| 9211067026 | False | Bound and free ribosomes are structurally similar, but cannot alternate between roles. (T/F) | 79 | |
| 9211067027 | False | Bound and free ribosomes are not structurally identical, but they can alternate between roles. (T/F) | 80 | |
| 9211067028 | Free | Most of the proteins made on ___________ ribosomes function within the cytosol. | 81 | |
| 9211067029 | Bound | _____________ ribosomes generally make proteins that are destined for insertion into the membrane, for packaging within certain organelles such as lysosomes, or export from the cell (secretion). | 82 | |
| 9211067030 | Secretion | Also known as export from the cell. | 83 | |
| 9211067031 | Endomembrane system | Includes the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the golgi apparatus, lysosomes, various kinds of vesicles and vacuoles, and the plasma membrane. | 84 | |
| 9211067032 | Vesicles | Sacs made of membrane. | 85 | |
| 9211067033 | Endoplasmic | Means "within the cytoplasm" | 86 | |
| 9211067034 | Reticulum | Means "little net" | 87 | |
| 9211067035 | Cisterna | Means "a reservoir for a liquid' | 88 | |
| 9211067036 | Lumen | Referring to the channel within a tube. | 89 | |
| 9211067037 | Endoplasmic reticulum | An extensive network of membranes that accounts for more than half of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells. | 90 | |
| 9211067038 | Endoplasmic reticulum | Consists of network of membranous tubules and sacs called cisterna. | 91 | |
| 9211067039 | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | Is so named because its outer surface lacks ribosomes. | 92 | |
| 9211067040 | Rough endoplasmic reticulum | Is so named because its outer surface is studded with ribosomes. | 93 | |
| 9211067041 | Glycoproteins | Proteins with carbohydrates covalently bonded to them. | 94 | |
| 9211067042 | Transport vesicles | Vesicles which are used in transit from one part of the cell to another. | 95 | |
| 9211067043 | Golgi apparatus | Acts as "warehouse" for receiving, sorting, shipping, and even some manufacturing. | 96 | |
| 9211067044 | Golgi apparatus | In this organelle products of the ER, such as proteins, are modified and store and then sent to other destinations. | 97 | |
| 9211067045 | Lysosome | A membranous sac of hydrolytiic enzymes that many eukaryotic cells use to digest (hydrolyze) macromolecules. | 98 | |
| 9211067046 | Phagocytosis | The process by which a cell engulfs a solid particle to form an internal vesicle known as a phagosome. | 99 | |
| 9211067047 | Food vacuole | A vacuole with a digestive function. | 100 | |
| 9211067048 | Vacuoles | Large vesicles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus. | 101 | |
| 9211067049 | Central vacuole | Generally contained by mature plant cells. Develops by the coalascence of smaller vacuoles. Plays a major role in the growth of plant cells | 102 | |
| 9211067050 | Mitochondria | Are the sites of cellular respiration. | 103 | |
| 9211067051 | Cellular respiration | The chemical process that generates most of the energy in the cell, supplying molecules needed to make the metabolic reactions of an organism run. | 104 | |
| 9211067052 | Chloroplasts | The sites of photosynthesis. | 105 | |
| 9211067053 | Mitochondrial matrix | The substance occupying the space enclosed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion; it contains enzymes, filaments of DNA, granules, and inclusions of protein crystals, glycogen, and lipid. | 106 | |
| 9211067054 | Thylakoids | Each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in stacks or grana. | 107 | |
| 9211067055 | Granum | A stack of thylakoids is called a | 108 | |
| 9211067056 | Stroma | The fluid outside the thylakoids is called the | 109 | |
| 9211067057 | Plastids | Any of a class of small organelles, such as chloroplasts, in the cytoplasm of plant cells, containing pigment or food. | 110 | |
| 9211067058 | Peroxisomes | A small organelle that is present in the cytoplasm of many cells and that contains the reducing enzyme catalase and usually some oxidases. | 111 | |
| 9211067059 | Cytoskeleton | A network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm. | 112 | |
| 9211067060 | Motor proteins | A class of molecular motors that are able to move along the surface of a suitable substrate. They convert chemical energy into mechanical work by the hydrolysis of ATP. | 113 | |
| 9211067061 | Microtubules | Hollow tubes which function in maintenance of cell shape (compression resisting), cell motility (as cilia or flagella), chromosome movements in cell division, and organelle movements. | 114 | |
| 9211067062 | Microfilaments | Two intertwined strands of actin which function in maintenance of cell shape (tension bearing elements), changes in cell shape, muscle contraction, cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells, cell motility (as amoeboid movement), and division of animal cells. | 115 | |
| 9211067063 | Intermediate filaments | Fibrous proteins coiled into cables which function in maintenance of cell shape (tension bearing elements), anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles, and formation of nuclear lamina. | 116 | |
| 9211067064 | Microtubules | All eukaryotic cells have __________________, hollow rods constructed from a globular protein called tubulin. | 117 | |
| 9211067065 | Dimers | Microtubules grow in length by adding tubulin _________. | 118 | |
| 9211067066 | True | Microtubules can be disassembled and have their tubulin used to build microtubules elsewhere in the cell. (T/F) | 119 | |
| 9211067067 | Centrosome | In animal cells tubules grow out from a ___________________. | 120 | |
| 9211067068 | Centrioles. | Within the centrosome is a pair of ________________, ach composed of nine sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring. | 121 | |
| 9211067069 | Cilia | Minute hairlike organelles, identical in structure to flagella, that line the surfaces of certain cells and beat in rhythmic waves, moving liquids along internal epithelial tissue in animals. | 122 | |
| 9211067070 | Organelle | any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. | 123 | |
| 9211067071 | cis | means "on the same side" | 124 | |
| 9211067072 | Cis face | "Recieving" department of the Golgi apparatus. Usually located near the ER. | 125 | |
| 9211067073 | Trans face | "Shipping" department of the Golgi apperatus. | 126 | |
| 9211067074 | Cisterna | Refers to a flattened membrane disk that makes up the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus | 127 | |
| 9211067075 | Medial | The area between the cis face and trans face of the Golgi apparatus is known as the the _____________ Golgi. | 128 | |
| 9211067076 | Flagellum | Has an undulating motion like the tail of a fish. | 129 | |
| 9211067077 | Cilia | Works more like oars, with alternating power and recovery strokes. | 130 | |
| 9211067078 | Cilium | A ____________ may also act as a signal receiving "antenna" for the cell. However there is only one per cell and it is generally motile. | 131 | |
| 9211067079 | Desmosome | A structure by which two adjacent cells are attached, formed from protein plaques in the cell membranes linked by filaments. | 132 | |
| 9211067080 | Desmosome |  | 133 | |
| 9211067081 | Gap junction | Specialized intercellular connection between cells.. They directly connect the cytoplasm of two cells, which allows various molecules, ions and electrical impulses to directly pass through a regulated gate between cells. | 134 | |
| 9211067082 | Gap junction |  | 135 | |
| 9211067083 | Tight junction | Closely associated areas of two cells whose membranes join together forming a virtually impermeable barrier to fluid. | 136 | |
| 9211067084 | Tight junction |  | 137 | |
| 9211067085 | Contractile vacuole | A membrane-enveloped cellular organelle, found in many microorganisms, that periodically expands, filling with water, and then contracts, expelling its contents to the cell exterior: thought to be important in maintaining hydrostatic equilibrium. | 138 | |
| 9211067086 | Tubulin | A dimer consisting of α-tublin and β-tubulin | 139 | |
| 9211067087 | Actin | A protein found in all eukaryotic cells, forming filaments that make up a main component of the cell's supporting matrix or cytoskeleton. | 140 | |
| 9211067088 | Plasmodesmata |  | 141 | |
| 9211067089 | Cristae | Each of the partial partitions in a mitochondrion formed by infolding of the inner membrane. | 142 | |
| 9211067090 | Matrix | Is the material (or tissue) in animal or plant cells, in which more specialized structures are embedded, and a specific part of the mitochondrion that is the site of oxidation of organic molecules. | 143 | |
| 9211067091 | Intermembrane space | The region between the inner membrane and the outer membrane of a mitochondrion or a chloroplast. | 144 | |
| 9211067092 | True | Eukaryotic cells can be larger than prokaryotic cells. (T/F) | 145 | |
| 9211067093 | Eukaryotic | _____________ cells have a membrane bound nucleus. | 146 | |
| 9211067094 | Prokaryotic | ______________ cells do not have a membrane bound nucleus | 147 | |
| 9211067095 | Prokaryotic | In _________________ cells, cell walls are made of peptidoglycan (the thickness of which depends on whether the cell is gram+ or gram-) | 148 | |
| 9211067096 | Eukaryotic | In ____________ cells, cell walls if they are present are made of cellulose (chitin in fungi). | 149 | |
| 9211067097 | Prokaryotic | Have pili & fimbriae (for adhesion) and flagella (for propulsion) | 150 | |
| 9211067098 | Eukaryotic | Have cilia or flagella for movement. | 151 | |
| 9211067099 | True | Both plant and animal cells are prokaryotic and therefore are similar. (T/F) | 152 | |
| 9211067100 | False | Both plant and animal cells have cell walls. (T/F) | 153 | |
| 9211067101 | True | Plant cells have a rigid rectangular shape while animal cells have a round irregular shape. (T/F) | 154 | |
| 9211067102 | Centrioles | _____________ are present in all animal cells, but only in lower plant forms. | 155 | |
| 9211067103 | Cilia | Most plant cells do not contain (specific structure). | 156 | |
| 9211067104 | Plant | In ____________ cells, the function of vacuoles is to store water and maintain turgidity of the cell. | 157 | |
| 9211067105 | Animal | Vacuoles in ___________ cells store water, ions and waste. | 158 | |
| 9211067106 | Anchoring | Adherens junctions, desmosomes, and hemidesmosomes are examples of __________________ junctions. | 159 | |
| 9211067107 | Communicating | A gap junction is an example of a _______________________ junction. | 160 | |
| 9211067108 | Occluding | A tight junction is an example of a _________________ junction. | 161 |
