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AP Biology Chapter 22 Flashcards

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6385711033SpeciesThe ability to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring.0
6385711034Reproductive IsolationPre-zygotic: before zygote Post-zygotic: after zygote1
6385711035Temporal IsolationPre-zygotic. Differences in timing of breeding cycles prevent reproduction.2
6385711036Behavioral IsolationPre-zygotic. Differences in courtship behaviors prevent mating from taking place.3
6385711037Habitat IsolationPre-zygotic. Two species who occupy different habitats within the same area may not encounter each other, and therefore do not reproduce.4
6385711038Mechanical IsolationPre-zygotic. Morphological differences prevent reproductive success.5
6385711039Gamete IsolationPre-zygotic. Sperm of one egg may not be able to fertilize the egg of another species.6
6385711040Reduced Hybrid FertilityPost-zygotic. Chromosome incompatibility make offspring of two different species infertile.7
6385711041Reduced Hybrid ViabilityPost-zygotic. In some species a hybrid zygote will form, but will not complete development or is born frail.8
6385711042Hybrid BreakdownPost-zygotic. Original hybrids are robust and vigorous, however, offspring of these hybrids are small and/or sterile.9
6385711043Allopatric SpeciationThe formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another.10
6385711044Sympatric SpeciationThe formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area.11
6385711045Adaptive RadiationPeriod of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form many new species whose adaptations allow them to fill different ecological roles in their communities (availability of habitats increases rates of speciation).12
6385711046PolyploidyCells fail to divide and tissue becomes tetraploid. Tetraploid tissue makes diploid gametes continuing polyploidy (creates an extra set(s) of homologous chromosomes).13
6385711047GradualismThe hypothesis that evolution proceeds chiefly by the accumulation of gradual changes.14
6385711048Punctuated EquilibriumThe hypothesis that evolutionary development is marked by isolated episodes of rapid speciation between long periods of little or no change.15
6385711049SpeciationThe process by which one species splits into two or more species.16
6385711050Hybrid ZoneA region in which members of different species meet and mate, producing at least some offspring of mixed ancestry.17
6385711051Morphological Species ConceptCharacterizes a species by body shape and other structural features.18
6385711052Ecological Species ConceptCharacterizes a species by its ecological niche, the sum of how members of the species interact with the nonliving and living parts of its environment.19
6385711053Phylogenetic Species ConceptCharacterizes a species as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor, forming one branch on the tree of life.20
6385711054ReinforcementStrengthening reproductive barrier21
6385711055FusionWearing of reproductive Barrier22
6385711056StabilityContinued production of hybrid individual23

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