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| 5413389158 | 5 Pillars of Islam | 1. Allah 2. Prayer 3. Almsgiving 4. Fasting 5. Hajj These were the key elements of Islamic faith. | 0 | |
| 5413392268 | Abbasid Caliphate | The second caliphate in the Arabian Peninsula. It came after the overthrow of the Umayyad. It was a time of political unity that eventually became fragmented, and was destroyed by the Mongols. | 1 | |
| 5413394934 | Al-Andalus | Muslim Spain. Spain was conquered by the Arabians, and there was harmony between the Jews, Christians and Muslims. Christians learned arabic, but the golden stage was brief. Muslims started believing in their supremacy, and there was warfare. Ferdinand and Isabella made it a Christian empire again. Shows Islams reaction with the outside world. | 2 | |
| 5413395246 | Baraka | Spiritual power. | 3 | |
| 5413395247 | Hajj | The annual trip to Mecca made each year by Muslims. It is one of the 5 pillars of Islam, and is a very important element of the faith. | 4 | |
| 5413396165 | Hijra | Muhammad's departure from Mecca to Medina in 622. Elite in Mecca were unhappy with Islam. This is when the Islam calendar officially begins. It marks the start of this religion. | 5 | |
| 5413396389 | House of Wisdom | House of Wisdom was a major intellectual research center in Arabia. It was founded by a Abbasid caliph. They learned about Greek rationalism. | 6 | |
| 5413396390 | Ibn Battuta | Ibn Battuta was an Islamic writer who traveled around the world and observed islam in different places. He was appalled by the gender equality in Anatolia. Ibn Battuta continues to inform modern day historians about opinions that Arab muslims had on the world. | 7 | |
| 5413396901 | Ibn Khaldun | Arab historian. He developed an influential theory on the rise and fall of states. Born in Tunis, he spent his later years in Cairo as a teacher and judge. In 1400 he was sent to Damascus to negotiate the surrender of the city. (336) | 8 | |
| 5413397216 | Islamic Green Revolution | A fundamental transition in agriculture from the 6th to the 13th century. Arab and Islamic world enabled the diffusion of many crops and farming techniques as well as the adaptation of crops and techniques from and to regions beyond the Islamic world. These introductions, along with an increased mechanization of agriculture, led to major changes in economy, population distribution, vegetation cover, agricultural production and income, population levels, urban growth, the distribution of the labour force, linked industries, cooking, diet and clothing in the Islamic world. | 9 | |
| 5413397217 | Jizya | The tax that non Muslims had to pay in order to have the status of dhmissis. They were protected, but second class citizens nonetheless. Jizya showed the underlying beliefs of Islam. | 10 | |
| 5413398885 | Madrassas | Islamic colleges that emerged in order to educate people in the Quran. It mostly included the memorization of texts. It was part of the Islamic networks of faith. | 11 | |
| 5413399111 | Mansa Musa | The ruler of the kingdom of Mali. He set out on the Hajj. He began his journey with a huge quantity of gold. There are stories of his travels to different cities. He had a successful pilgrimage. His visit elevated Mali's status in the Islamic world. | 12 | |
| 5413406342 | Mullah Nasruddin | Mullah Nasruddin is known as the "wise fool of Islam." He told funny fables that always had a lesson at the end. He taught the Muslim values of generosity, tolerance and humility. He did a form of social commentary. | 13 | |
| 5413406343 | "People of the book" | Muslims were approving of Jews and Christians because they were people of the book. | 14 | |
| 5413406344 | Quran | A text that was complied starting in 610. It consisted of Muhammad's revelations. It spoke of monotheism, social justice. The message challenged polytheism, social injustice, and the social patterns of Arabia. The world was never the same. | 15 | |
| 5413406345 | Sharia | Ulama is the central laws of Islam. It connected politics and religion (different from Christianity). There are different schools of law. Answers the fundamental question, what does it mean to be a muslim? An example of there being no distinction between religious law and politics. This law regulated aspects of everyday life. It means "a path to water." | 16 | |
| 5413406346 | Sufism | Sufism is a different understanding of the Islamic faith. They saw civilization as a distraction, and they were vested in spiritual ideas and truly connecting with Allah. They challenged the religious authority of the Ulama. It was groundbreaking to have a completely different sect of the faith emerge. | 17 | |
| 5413406578 | Timbuktu | Timbuktu is a wealthy center for Islamic life in West Africa. It boasted over 150 Quranic schools. Large libraries and mosques. Cities like Timbuktu fueled the spread of Islam | 18 | |
| 5413406579 | Ulama | Ulama are the body of Mullahs (educators of Islam) who interpret the laws and doctrines of the religion. They were central to the religion and were highly valued. | 19 | |
| 5413406580 | Umayyad Caliphate | The first dynasty in Arabia. They moved the capital from Medina to Damascus. The fact that the power and wealth were held in the elite caused a revolt. Eventually overthrown. The beginning of the transition between modest Arab chiefs to monarchs. Arabia was never the same. | 20 | |
| 5413406854 | Umma | Umma is the idea that in Islam, there should be a just and moral society. This governed the principles of Islam. | 21 |
