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| 4239908648 | shamans | attempted to heal the sick, prayed to the spirits for success in hunting, and enforced taboos. | 0 | |
| 4239921068 | Judiasm | monotheistic faith of the hebrews. 700BCE-Hebrew kingdoms conquered by a succession of overlords, such as the Assyrians, Persians, romans, and neo-babylonians. | 1 | |
| 4239950590 | Jewish Diaspora | Jewish people who were forced out of Israel. They were scattered by the Romans, who destroyed their second temple in Israel and destroying the state. This was because the Jews refused to worship their Emperor like a god. | 2 | |
| 4239971538 | Jewish info on religion. | 400BCE, Jewish scripture Tanakh was created which included the Torah. strict dietary restrictions, must marry another Jewish family, women repeated but a patriarchal society, and "humane" slavery | 3 | |
| 4240045861 | Hammurabi's code | "An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth" it was a code in which one must conduct life. Later influenced the ten commandments. | 4 | |
| 4240074345 | Vedism | dominated in India from 1500 to 700 BCE, when the Brahmins (who believed through obedience to them worshipers could only be reincarnated) got mad that the Upanishads were questioning their ways. debates about it created buddhism in 500BCE, and Vedism eventually was absorbed into Hinduism around 300BCE. | 5 | |
| 4240095128 | Upanishads | a series of essays and poems that raised the possibility that people could liberate themselves from the cycle of life,death, and reincarnation without relying on the brahmins. | 6 | |
| 4240133582 | Hindu society and religion | karma, reincarnation, caste system, Law of Manu, a hindu text made between 200BCE to 200CE. | 7 | |
| 4240136701 | Brahma | the masculine personification of the World Soul | 8 | |
| 4240145015 | Buddhism | based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gauetama. He abandoned his aristocratic life to become enlightened. He become the budda. the Mauryan emperor Ashoka became a great supporter of Buddhism. Religion: reincarnation, karma, nirvana: Two types: Therevada -simplicity and meditation. Mahayana-more ritual and symbology than the Budda spoke of. | 9 | |
| 4240333422 | confucianism | Confucius started it, his teachings are in the Analects. it took for granted celestial bureaucracy, proposed social harmony, order and hierarchy paramount, mandate of heaven, filial piety, ancestor veneration. Legalism=people are inherently immoral. Then neo confucianism appeared. | 10 | |
| 4240368805 | Daoism | mystical, in China after 500BCE, Laozi was the founder who allegedly wrote the central text Tao-te Ching. The universe is governed by the dao (the way) an invisible and irresistible force. Antirational use of parables in non-logical ways. Ancestor veneration, celestial bureaucracy, feng shui (harmonious placement), and the famous symbol is the ying-yang, a circle whose dark and light halves are divided by a double curved line. often syncretizes by people with Daoist, Buddhist, and Confucian practices. | 11 | |
| 4240435259 | Christianity | Came out of Judiasm, founded by Jesus of Nazarath and the "messiah". He sought to reform Jewish laws and traditions as a teacher. Charity and compassion were more important than obeying rabbis. He was arrested by Roman authorities that were told to arrest him by local Jewish officials. He resurrected after being crucified, and there will be a second day of judgement, where Christians will be admitted to heaven, while others damned to Hell. Paul and Peter the apostles helped organize the early church, and got Romans, Greeks, and others to convert by telling them that they did not have to adhere to Jewish dietary restrictions or get circumcised. Women were like second class citizens. 313 CE, Constantine legalized Christianity. | 12 | |
| 4240495837 | Thought and Culture | the following terms will be general things going on during 600BCE-600CE. | 13 | |
| 4240499562 | learning empirically | learning by means of systematic observation. | 14 | |
| 4240505798 | Intellectual Advances | scientific thinking (greeks), decimal system, pi and zero, arabic numerals, geometry, geography, astronomy, medicine, philosophy (greece). Mahabharata, an Indian grand epic of 9,000 stanzas and the most famous part called Bhagavad Gita. Chinese classics included the Analects, the Tao-te Ching, the I-Ching. The Greek Iliad and Odyssey. The Roman Aeneid. | 15 | |
| 4240546789 | New technology | -Woodblock printing in China allowed for faster reproduction and dissemination of information. Let to movable type printing. -Great Library of Alexandria and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were big building architecture. They used columns and facades, with Roman archways and domes. The Parthenon (temple of Athena in Athens),the Pantheon (Roman temple to all gods), the cave temples for Buddhist and Hindu deities, the Pillars of Ashoka inscribed with Buddhist teachings about Ashoka in Mauryan India. and the Colosseum, and the pyramids. Also a lot of cultural borrowing went on. | 16 | |
| 4241745589 | Persian Empire | Darius the Great expanded the empire from North Africa to India and he built the city Persepolis. They had an advanced postal system with roads, they had a single currency with provincial administration, which was 20 regions with local authorities called satraps. The population was divided into castes. Under Darius, they embraced Zoroastrianism. Then, tolerant Achaemenid lost to Alexander the Great. | 17 | |
| 4241798304 | Parthians | took over the Persian Empire, it was more decentralized than Persia, involved in the silk road, it was a syncratitism of Greek and Persian. It was where small pox started and the Roman Empire arrived. | 18 | |
| 4241814395 | Sassands | -Rivals to the Rome and Byzantine, involved in silk road, and arab traders. Practiced Zoroastrianism, an official state faith and much less tolerant. They were swept away by Islam by the Islam from the Arabian Peninsula. | 19 | |
| 4327869733 | Qin (221-206BCE) | -Shi Huangdi ended feudal decentralization of the warring states and favored legalism (harsh laws to keep people in order). He made it a centralized dictatorship. Modernized the army by introducing iron weapons, crossbows, and cavalry warfare. Built road ways and canals and the Great Wall of China. Ended slavery and serfdom so that the peasants could be taxed and serve in the army. Taxes were so bad that rebellions destroyed the army. | 20 | |
| 4327902908 | Han | -brought to power by those uprisings, it was centralized and efficient under warrior-emperors like Wu Ti. Took parts of Vietnam, Korea, Manchuria, and Mongolia and established a tributary system in other areas. Cavalry warfare and the crossbow were huge-they gave them a huge advantage against the Turkic Xiongnu. Had postal and tax collection systems, and civil service examinations. Mandate of heaven and confucianism. The invention of the horse collar lead to heavyier loads being able to be transported, and they were very involved in the Silk Road. The smallpox contributed to its downfall. (220CE) | 21 | |
| 4327945833 | Mauryan Empire (India) | -founded by Chandragupta Maurya and ruled from the capital of Pataliputra, it had an elaborate bureaucracy with a 25 percent tax on all agricultural production. Employed elephants, cavalry, and had large trade networks. Then, Ashoka came to power and he converted to buddhism-teachings of Ashoka. He was very tolerant. 184 BCE it collapsed. | 22 | |
| 4327987960 | Gupta Empire (North-central India) | Chandra Gupta-smaller and less centralized than the Mauryan, and relied on diplomacy. Hindu and practiced religious toleration. Treaded with China for silk. Created the decimal system and the concepts of zero and pi. Also the 25 percent tax. Big caste system in a patriarchal society. Women practiced sati. 500's CE the nomadic White Huns led to the downfall of the Gupta Empire. | 23 | |
| 4328014429 | Phoenicia | made the alphabet, good seafaring traders, 800 BCE spread from Syria and Lebanon to establish city states in the Meditteranean. They had the north african port of Carthage. They had a high degree of social mobility, and elected an oligarchic government. polytheisic and were in the Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome. | 24 | |
| 4328034027 | Greeks (or Hellenes) | -united by a common language and the worship of olympian gods. Made Greek city states and colonies. Government was oligarchies, in which a small elite class of rich, powerful families ruled. Sparta exploited the labor of agricultural slaves called helots. Athens focused on cultural and political advancement. Slavery was huge (1/4 of the population). Sparta had the most rights for women. The beginning of democracy started here too. Philosophy, scientific thinking, Greek dramas were huge. Mostly decentralized but they teamed up during the Persian wars. the war between Sparta and Athens was called the Peloponnesian War, and even though Sparta won, both sides were exhausted, leading to the Macedonians from the north dominating. | 25 | |
| 4335048134 | Macedonia | -Alexander the great fought 10 years and 20,000 miles. They fused Greek with others to create Hellenistic culture. Also they had the great library, which was an ancient world's greatest centers of trade, learning, and culture. | 26 | |
| 4335070821 | Rome and Byzantine | Formed in 800 BCE, they came to dominate the Mediterranean. Remained a monarchy until 500 BCE when a rebellion made created the Roman Republic. Had a republic, which is is a state without a monarch and most male adults play some role in the political process. They had the patrician and plebeian classes (upper and lower). Rapid expansion caused the collapse of the Roman Republic and small farmers (close to a middle class) went bankrupt. Then the Roman Empire formed after Julius Caesar's death, and Caesar's adopted son "Caesar Augustus" took over. Led to Pax Romana an age of peak power and prosperity. Big bureaucracy, distribution of grain, run by proconsuls, and had a great network of roads, sea lanes, aqueducts, and fortifications. Smallpox from soldiers in the middle east, measles, and the bubonic plague ruined the empire, and then Byzantine split from it. Migrating waves of Germanic and Asiatic nomads (barbarians) attacked from the east and north in growing numbers. 400CE Germanic Goths sacked the city of Rome and took it over completely in 476 CE. Slavery was huge. As far as women go, at first republican rule was strictly patriarchal, giving the paterfamilias, but then in the early empire, women gained more economic rights and greater freedom to divorce. No voting though. Also were involved with making domes and Greco-Roman classicism. Roman law is still a part of today-innocent until proven guilty. That law comes from the Twelve Tables, and the Justinian law coade in Byzantine served as later law codes throughout Europe. They also legalized Christianity, which helped Christianity survive. | 27 | |
| 4335200731 | Mesoamerica-Teotihuacan, Maya, and the Moche | Society emerged from the olmecs. It involved... -city states -kings and priests in a extremely hierarchical fashion-women were subject to rigidly defined gender roles. -human sacrifice and pyramids -Teotihuacan big city, ruled by oligarchy -intensive farming (floating islands) -While Teotihuacan flourished, to the south in present day Guatamala and into southern Mexico the Maya appeared. Staple crops were corn, squash, beans, cacao, and cotton. pyramids, polytheistic, human sacrifice, slavery, hieroglyphics, understood zero, and had a very accurate calendar. | 28 | |
| 4335336527 | Moche | Farther into the Andes Mountains, in peru between 200-700 CE. They used the quipu, and they lived in classes called ayllu. Mit'a labor, which combined elements of serfdom and corvee labor. Traded on the amazon and produced ellexelent ceramics and texilles. It ended by a combination of environmental factors. | 29 |
