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AP World History: Chapter 16 Flashcards

newest notes updated, sorry this is so late

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6988471115protestant reformationa European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church started by Martin Luther in 15170
6988471116protestant reformation effects1) a more fragmented religious system in an already fragmented political system in Europe 2) wars were fought in the 1500s-1600s 3) Europe experiences a more dedicated and renewed sense of Christianity1
6988471117Spread of Christianity by the British1) spread with the spread of settlers 2) did not spread to Native Americans 3) mostly protestant2
6988471118Spread of Christianity by the Spanish1) most successful in spread; by 1700 most people in the Spanish colonies were Christian 2) established a strong cultural presence 3) used education, missionary efforts, and force3
6988471119Spread of Christianity into China1) Jesuits learned about Chinese culture and confucianism; targeted Chinese elites 2) 1550-1800: 200000-300000 converts 3) Christianity was favored for a while due to their connections to science 4) Jesuits fell out of favor during the 18th century and Christianity has little adherents in China today 5) reasons for unpopularity: China already had strong belief systems and Christainity required complete abandonment of Chinese culture4
6988471120Jesuitsgroup of Catholic priests who perform missionary work5
6988471121syncretismblending and mixing of religion6
6988471122changes in China's culture1) challenges to social, economic, and political tradition emerged 2) 1490s 3) Neo confucianism 4) New ways of thinking emerged within China's popular belief systems: more individualism 5) Kaozheng 6) popular culture among the common citizen emerged (paintings, short stories, novels)7
6988471123Kaozhenga movement in Chinese elite culture that emphasized the importance of verification, precision, accuracy, and rigorous analysis8
6988471124changes in India's culture1) Bhakti Hinduism 2) Sikhism9
6988471125Bhakti Hinduisma more devotional type of Hinduism10
6988471126Sikhism1) new religion caused by blending of Islam and Hindu 2) evolved from a peaceful movement to a more military one11
6988471127changes in Islamic culture1) expanded to America from African Muslims in the slave trade 2) Wahhabi movement12
6988471128Wahhabi Movement1) called for a renewal to Islam's traditional beliefs 2) connected to the beginnings of Saudi Arabia13
6988471129origins of the Scientific Revolution1) started in Europe 2) 1550-1700 3) Europe had a more favorable legal and political system that was independent and less controlled; new things can develop 4) relative autonomy of European universities 5) increasing global interactions and connections14
6988471130Scientific Revolutionmovement that emphasized the application of human reason to better understand the physical universe and the world around us15
6988471131Scientific revolution people1) Nicolaus Copernicus: heliocentrism 2) Isaac Newton: theory of gravity and laws of motion16
6988471132The Enlightenment1) the application of human reason to understand and create better human societies 2) humans have natural rights and the government should protect them 3) questioned patriarchy, social hierarchy, and religion 4) called for a more constitutionally based government 5) beginnings of modern capitalism17
6988471133Mary Wollstonecraftan Enlightenment author; one of the pioneers of feminism18
6988471134Voltairean Enlightenment author who often criticized authority and religion19
6988471135significance of scientific revolution and Englightenment1) become the basis of a new universal worldview 2) challenged the church and religion 3) challenged and also supported hierarchies (social, racial, political) 4) supported the coming industrial revolution20

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