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AP Language & Composition Terminology Flashcards

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7317253676ArchetypeUniversal images, figures, character types, settings, and story patterns that are shared by the people across the world and are often easily identified throughout all literature. Example: King Arthur in "The Sword in the Stone"0
7317253677Antagonistthe character that is against the protagonist; usually they are the "bad guy" but they are not all "bad guys". If they are evil they are considered a villain. Example: Mr.Hyde1
7317253678ProtagonistThe most important or main character in the work that usually resembles a heroic character but can have both good and bad qualities. Example: Simba from Lion King2
7317253679DynamicThe character that learns a lesson and gains knowledge throughout the story. Example: Harry Potter3
7317253680StaticThe character that is constant throughout the story and never changes. Example: Scar from the Lion King4
7317253681EpiphanyThe wow, lightbulb, relaization moment Example: A smoker finally realizing that smoking is killing their lungs5
7317253682FoilThe character who contrasts the main character who serves to accentuate the character's distinctive qualities or characteristics Example: Dr. Jekyll to Mr. Hyde6
7317253683FlatThe character that is in the story for the reason of proving ONE point and is less complex than other characters in the story Example: Bruce in Finding Nemo7
7317253684RoundThe character that is full of complexity and depth; usually known and recognized as real people. Example: Shrek8
7317253685ScapegoatA biblical reference used for characterization but in the Bible a goat is sent into the wilderness after the Jewish chief gave all the sins on him. Example: person blamed9
7317253686Motivationwhat makes or persuades a person to do something Example: a super sad character due to a family member passing Example: Cookie makes me run faster10
7317253687Stockthe character that usually appears in specific forms (stereotyped characters)11
7317253688Direct Characterizationwhen the author distinctly describes the qualities and motives of the character12
7317253689Indirect CharacterizationThe author let's the characters converse but leaves it to the reader to find the character's motifs and motives. Example: "Sally walked into the store and gave the box a swift kick."13
7317253690DetailThe fact unveiled that supports and builds on the tone and attitude of the piece. Example: Nemo's little lucky fin14
7317253691DoppelgangerSomeone who looks like the character, but isn't a twin. The word doppelganger is German and literally means double walker — as in a ghost or shadow of yourself. Example: The ghost of Hamlet's father15
7317253692AnecdoteA short story about an entertaining real situation or person. Example: "I was an owl last year- it was a real hoot!"16
7317253693AllegoryA story when the characters and events represent concepts about society, human life, and nature. Example:17
7317253694ParableA short story used to teach a lesson. Example:18
7317253695AdageA saying that represents a common feeling (proverb) Example: biblical proverbs19
7317253696BildungsromanA novel discussing a person's former years or spiritual beliefs. Example: To Kill A Mockingbird"20
7317253697DidacticMeant to teach, especially whenever it's a moral lesson. Example: Aesop's Fable21
7317253698DilemmaWhen a major premise is based off of two hypothetical propositions. Example: Hamlet's Decision22
7317253699EulogyA speech normally given after a person has passed praising them. Example: Obituary23
7317253700ElegyA form of literature which can be defined as a poem or song in the form of elegiac couplets, written in honor of someone who has passed, normally mourns the death. Example: sermon or written sermon at a funeral24
7317253701FableA short tale used to teach a moral lesson and often includes animals. Example: "A Satisfying Meal"25
7317253702FantasyA form of literature in which a plot can not be formed in the real world and uses topics such as magic, witchcraft, etc. Example: Ella Enchanted26
7317253703Frame Device or NarrativeA story inside of another story. Example:Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde27
7317253704HomilyA sermon (biblical) Example: "I Have a Dream"28
7317253705InvectiveUses negative language and attacks an argument Example: ugly29
7317253706SurrealismIt is aimed at expressing imaginative dreams and visions free from conscious reasonable control. Example:Dorian Gray30
7317253707Dictionthe word choice of the writer Example: The (sad) puppy (constantly) begged for the (delicious) bone.31
7317253708Colloquialinformal language/slang Example: y'all32
7317253709Aphorism/Epigrama pithy observation that contains a general truth Example:"if it ain't broke, don't fix it."33
7317253710Connotationthe meaning a word develops over time Example:awful34
7317253711DenotationThe literary,primary, or original meaning of a word. Example: a word's definition35
7317253712DialectA form/type of language particular to a certain region. Example: Mexican dialect of Spanish36
7317253713DialogueA conversation between two people Example: Romeo and Juliet's conversation37
7317253714EuphemismAn indirect expression to avoid the harsh terms. (Polite way) Example: to die vs. pass away38
7317253715IdiomA group of words that aren't to be taken literally Example: it's raining cats and dogs39
7317253716VocabularyA group of words used in a particular way. Example: terminology40
7317253717JargonSpecial words that only some people or a particular group understand. Example: it's lit41
7317253718DissonanceLack of musical soundness Example: someone singing off key42
7317253719Isocolonsentence having a parallel structure from two or more clauses, about the same size. Example: "The bigger they are, the harder they fall."43
7317253720MalapropismMisusing words ridiculously because of their sounds. Example: Supposively/Supposably44
7317253721TautologySaying the same thing twice in different ways Example: "let's all work together, everyone, as a team."45
7317253722MaximA short statement that represents "a rule" Example: actions speak louder than words46
7317253723PhilippicAn negative attack Example:a rant47
7317253724VernacularThe dialect used in a particular region Example: Texan's English48
7317253725AnachronismSomething that is in the wrong time period/ not where it belongs Example: 80s hair today49
7317253726ImageryThe picture "painted" by the author Example: The dark, gloomy forest housed many evil creatures"50
7317253727MoodThe atmosphere of the piece Example: a horror story's mood is eerie.51
7317253728ToneThe writer's attitude toward the piece Example: the writer could be mad at one of the characters for not standing up..the tone would be irritated52
7317253729PlotThe order in which events occur in a story. Example: a problem occurs in a story in order to trigger the next event.53
7317253730ConflictA confrontation between two opposing characters. Example: Jerry burns Tom's tail.54
7317253731FlashbackA reference to something that has happened in the past. Example: a dream55
7317253732ForeshadowingWhenever an author suggests an outcome. Example: In Romeo and Juliet whenever Benvolio hints that Romeo will die for his love.56
7317253733SpatialOrganization of hints referring to special directions Example: far left57
7317253734ChronologicalOrder of events in which they will occur Example: you have to make the pb&j before you can eat it58
7317253735Transitional DevicesWays/links to connect two different thoughts Example: The dance was great. However, several mistakes were made and more practice needs to be done.59
7317253736SuspenseWhat builds up to grasp and hold the reader's attention. Example: one character has a gun on them and end of having a conflict with another character60
7317253737BathosAn impact of anticlimax made by an accidental lapse in mood. Example: Whenever someone speaks of something vaguely and someone else buds in and is talking about something completely different.61
7317253738SettingTime and place62
7317253739Point of ViewVantage point from which a narrative is told63
7317253740First Person POVCharacter telling story that happened to them "I"64
7317253741Third Person POVThe author tells the story about characters65
7317253742Third Person Limited POVThe author tells the story as though he or she only knows the thoughts and feeling of one character66
7317253743Rhetorical ShiftA shift used to influence or persuade67
7317253744StyleThe way a literary work is written68
7317253745ThemeA statement that the text seems to be making about the subject of the literary work (lesson)69
7317253746ClaimA statement that is arguable but used as a primary point to prove an argument70
7317253747Seductive ReasoningA logical process in which a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true.71
7317253748Syllogisman instance of a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two given or assumed propositions. (Example: All dogs are animals; all animals have four legs; therefore all dogs have four legs)72
7317253749Inductive Reasoninga logical process in which multiple premises, all believed true or found true most of the time, are combined to obtain a specific conclusion.73
7317253750Non Sequitura statement that is not connected in a logical or clear way to anything said before it74
7317253751Ad Hominemdirected against a person rather than the position they are maintaining.75
7317253752Begging the Question (circular reasoning)This logically incoherent argument often arises in situations where people have an assumption that is very ingrained, and therefore taken in their minds as a given.76
7317253753direct objectanswers the question "what" or "whom" after the verb (ex. He hit the ball.)77
7317253754indirect objectanswers the question "to whom," "for whom," "to what," or "for what" after an action verb (ex. Michael brought Mary a gift.)78
7317253755predicate nominativenoun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and points back to the subject to identify it further (ex. Many doctors are specialists.)79
7317253756predicate adjectivean adjective that follows a linking verb and points back to the subject and further describes it (ex. The dinner is delicious.)80
7317253757pronoun/antecedent agreementa pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number (singular or plural), gender (masculine/ feminine or neuter), and person (first, second, or third)81
7317253758subject/verb agreementa verb must agree with its subject in person and number82
7317253759subjective/nominative pronounspronouns that serve as a subject83
7317253760objective pronounspronouns that serve as an object (me, you, her, him, it - "Johnny gave me the ball.")84
7317253761absolutecontains a noun or pronoun, a participle (an "ing" or "ed" verb form), and any related modifiers85
7317253762appositiverenames or identifies a noun or a pronoun86
7317253763gerundthe gerund (an "ing" verb form functioning as a noun) plus its complements and modifiers (ex. Walking the dog in not my favorite task.)87
7317253764infinitive88
7317253765participle89
7317253766dependent/subordinate90
7317253767independent/main91
7317253768antithetical92
7317253769Balanced93
7317253770Loose/cumulative94
7317253771Periodic95
7317253772Antithesis96
7317253773Juxtaposition:97
7317253774Omission98
7317253775asyndeton99
7317253776ellipsis100
7317253777Parallelism101
7317253778Chiasmus102
7317253779Polysyndeton103
7317253780pedantic104
7317253781Solecism105
7317253782epanalepsis106
7317253783epistrophe107
7317253784Metonymy108

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