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| 4154171878 | Environment | All factors (living and nonliving) that actually affect an individual organism or population at any point in the life cycle. Environment is also sometimes used to denote a certain set of circumstances surrounding a particular occurrence (environments of deposition, for example) | 0 | |
| 4154171879 | Ecology | The science of the study of the relationships between living things and their environment | 1 | |
| 4154171880 | Organisms | Any form of life, such as animals, plants,and cells. | 2 | |
| 4154171881 | Ecosystems | -An ecological community and its local, non-biological community -Minimum system that includes and sustains life. | 3 | |
| 4154171882 | Sustainability | Management of natural resources and environment with the goals of allowing the harvest of resources to remain at or above some specified level, and the ecosystem to retain it's function and structure | 4 | |
| 4154171883 | Natural Capital | -World's stock of natural assets which include geology, soil, water, and all living things -From this humans derive a wide range of services, often called ecosystem servives, which make human life possible | 5 | |
| 4154171884 | Natural Resources | Earth-made materials | 6 | |
| 4154171885 | Biotic | Living objects/ organisms | 7 | |
| 4154171886 | Abiotic | Non-living objects | 8 | |
| 4154171888 | Environmental indicators | -Simple measures that tell us what is happening in the environment -Global weather | 9 | |
| 4154171889 | Speciation | Formation of two species from one species. Evolution | 10 | |
| 4154171890 | Development | Sustainable: concept that sustainable methods for meeting humans needs and wants are possible | 11 | |
| 4154171891 | Salination | Process by which water-soluble salts accumulate in the soil | 12 | |
| 4154171892 | Phytoremediation | A biological way to treat hazardous wastes that involves using natural or genetically engineered plants to absorb, filter, and remove contaminants from polluted soil and water | 13 | |
| 4154171893 | Upwelling | Wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water -increases fish populations in area due to increased nutrients | 14 | |
| 4154171894 | Relative Dating | -Used to arrange geological events, and the eocks they leave behind, in sequence -Method called stratigraphy (layers of rock are called strata) | 15 | |
| 4154171895 | Precambrian | Era of one and multi-celled organism | 16 | |
| 4154171896 | Paleozoic | Era of reptiles, insects, amphibians, land plants, and fish. First dinosaurs | 17 | |
| 4154171897 | Tertiary consumer | Meat-eater. Usually highest in food chain | 18 | |
| 4154171898 | Thermocline | Zone of gradual temperature decrease between warm surface water and colder deep water in a lake, reservoir, or ocean | 19 | |
| 4154171899 | Commensalism | One species benefits and other is unaffected | 20 | |
| 4154171900 | Organic Compounds | A compound of carbon; originally used to refer to compounds found in and formed by living things | 21 | |
| 4154171901 | Tragedy of the Commons | -When the ambitions of individuals destroys what is shared. Explotation of shared resources - Written by Garret Hardin in 1968 | 22 | |
| 4154171902 | Triple Bottom Line | States that we need to take into account 3 factors (economic, environmental, and social) when making decisions about business, economy, and development | 23 | |
| 4154171903 | Holistic | Parts of a whole (synecdoche) | 24 | |
| 4154171904 | Closed system | A type of system in which there are definite boundaries to factors such as mass and energy such that exchange of these factors with other systems does not occur | 25 | |
| 4154171905 | Overshoot (and collapse) | Occurs when growth in one part of a system over time exceeds carrying capacity, resulting in sudden decline in one or both parts of system | 26 | |
| 4154171906 | Environmental justice | The principle of dealing with environmental problems in such a way as to not discriminate against people based upon socioeconomic status, race, or ethnic group | 27 | |
| 4154171907 | Intrinsic value | Value of an organism, species, ecosystem, or the Earth's biodiversity based on its existence, regardless of whether it has any usefulness to humand | 28 | |
| 4154171908 | Inbreeding depression | -Reduced biological fitness in a given population due to inbreeding -Often result of population bottleneck | 29 | |
| 4154171909 | Genetic diversity | -A measurement of the differences in DNA composition among individuals within a given species -Total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species | 30 | |
| 4154171910 | Ecotourism | Tourism based on an interest in observation of nature | 31 | |
| 4154171911 | Instrumental Value | -Philosophy that components of the environment have value because they have usefulness to humans in form of economic or ecological services -Oppodite of intrinsic value | 32 | |
| 4154171912 | Biological wealth | -Natural species of living things that are responsible for the structure and maintence of all ecosystems -Goods and services provided by biodiversity: $38 Trillon per year | 33 | |
| 4154171913 | Invasive species | Species not native to ecosystem, but can thrive and displace native species | 34 | |
| 4189232172 | Umbrella Species | A species for which meeting its habitat needs automatically helps meet this of many other species. Pay it forward. | 35 | |
| 4189232173 | Keystone Species | Species that have a large effect on its community or ecosystem (I.E. Sea Otters) | 36 | |
| 4189232174 | Resource Partitioning | When species divide a niche to avoid competirion for resources | 37 | |
| 4189232175 | Floodplain | -Flat valley floor next to a stream channel -Legal purposes: any low area that has the potential for flooding, including certain coastal areas | 38 | |
| 4189232176 | Drift Net Fishing | -Fishing technique where nets hanging vertically in water column without being anchored to the bottom -Gillnets | 39 | |
| 4189232177 | Trickle Irrigation | -Drip irrigation -Saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of many different plants | 40 | |
| 4189232178 | Xeriscape | Landscaping using native plants, which minimize the need for additional water | 41 | |
| 4189232179 | In Situ | In its original place | 42 | |
| 4189232180 | Lacey Act | -1900 US law that bans trafficking in illegal wildlife - 2008: Act was amended to include plants and plant products (I.E. timber and paper) -Landmark legislation -World's 1st ban on trade in illegally sourced wood products | 43 | |
| 4189232181 | Species Diversity | -Number and variety of species in the world or in a particular region -Abundance | 44 | |
| 4189232182 | Remediation | Process that attempts to clean up damage done to land Correcting environmental problem Two major types of sites that can be remediated: Superfund sites and brownfields | 45 | |
| 4189232183 | Nitrification | Process by which bacteria convert ammonia to nitrities and nitrates °2NH3 + 3O2 -> 2NO2- + 2H+ + 2H2O ° 2NO2- + O2 -> 2NO3- | 46 | |
| 4189232184 | Niche | Species's role | 47 | |
| 4189232185 | Ecotone | Transitional areas between ecosystem | 48 | |
| 4190555757 | Crude Death Rate | -The number of deaths yearly -Per thousand people in a population | 49 | |
| 4190555758 | Gray Zone | State of imbalance | 50 | |
| 4190555759 | Generation Time | -Average time between two consecutive generations in the lineages of a population -In human populations, a generation typically ranges from 22 to 32 years | 51 | |
| 4190555760 | Igneous Rock | -Rocks made of solidified magma. - Extrusive: if crystallize on surface of Earth -Intrusive: if crystallize beneath the surface | 52 | |
| 4190555761 | Sedimentary Rock | Formed by accumulation of sediments (other rocks, fossils, etc) | 53 | |
| 4190555762 | Metamorphic Rock | Formed by transformation of existing rock types due to tons of heat and pressure | 54 | |
| 4190555763 | Asthenosphere | -Layer below lithosphere. -Layer of solid rock that has so much pressure and heat causing the rocks to flow like liquid | 55 | |
| 4190555764 | Sympatric Speciation | Species formation that occurs when populations become reproductively isolated within the same geographic area | 56 | |
| 4190555765 | Bioremediation | A biological way to treat toxic or hazardous waste in which bacteria and enzymes are used to help destroy toxic or hazardous substances or convert them to harmless compounds | 57 | |
| 4221250052 | Eon | Largest/ longest division of geological time | 58 | |
| 4221266700 | Aesthenosphere | molten layer of Earth | 59 | |
| 4221274690 | Ocean conveyor belt | Large movement of deep water currents in the ocean | 60 | |
| 4221283814 | Influence ocean currents | -differences in water temperature -earthquakes -differences in water salinity -gravity | 61 | |
| 4221295917 | Groundwater | waste water from households or business activities | 62 | |
| 4221309471 | Primary contributors to biodiversity | -habitat destruction -human overpopulation -introduced species - pollution | 63 | |
| 4221322478 | Species richness | number of species in an area | 64 | |
| 4221326325 | Species eveness | Relative abundance of each species in an area | 65 | |
| 4221357508 | Convergent evolution | -evolution of species from different taxonomic groups toward a similar form -development of similar characteristics by taxonomically different organisms | 66 | |
| 4221363981 | Examples of convergent evolution | -Echolocation in bats and whales -Wings in birds, dinosaurs, and bats | 67 | |
| 4221458070 | Pyroclastic flows | -dense rivers of hot ash and rock that flow down the side of a volcano after an eruption -destroys all bio-matter in its path | 68 | |
| 4221479680 | 3 major components of fertilizer | Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) | 69 | |
| 4221499244 | Example of Tragedy of the Commons | Collapse of Atlantic cod stocks (East Coast of Newfoundland) in 1992 | 70 | |
| 4242683030 | Tectonic cycle | Creation and destruction of lithosphere | 71 | |
| 4242683031 | Effects of China's one child per household policy | -incidence of female infanticide increased -led to increased number of female children in China's orphanage -Program more successful in urban areas than on rural communities -China experienced a decline in population growth rate | 72 | |
| 4242683032 | Tsunamis are caused by | Landslides Earthquake Volcanic activity Calving iceberg | 73 | |
| 4242683033 | Temperature of stratosphere | Increases as you move higher in altitude | 74 | |
| 4242683034 | Determines temperature at or near Earth's surface | -Evaporation & condensation -Amount of sunlight absorbed -amount of sunlight reflected -thermal capacity of atmosphere | 75 | |
| 4242683035 | Coriolis Effect | Causes hurricanes in Southern hemisphere to spin in the opposite direction as hurricanes in Northern hemisphere | 76 | |
| 4242683036 | Aridisols | Soil found in dry area and deserts | 77 | |
| 4242683037 | Least likely of species to be endangered | -short lifespan -high reproductive rate | 78 | |
| 4242683038 | Hot spots | -significant reservoir of biodiversity -must contain at least >0.5 percent of world's total vascular plants -has to have @ least 70% of original habitat -threatened with destruction -located near equator or in southern hemisphere | 79 | |
| 4242683039 | Diatonics | Elements not usually found in nature alone | 80 | |
| 4242683040 | Pelagic fish | Live in pelagic waters or lake waters ( neither close to the bottom nor near the shore) | 81 | |
| 4242683041 | Domersal fish | -Live on or near the bottom of water -Reef fish | 82 | |
| 4242683042 | World Trade Organization (WTO) | -global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations -at its hearts, agreements, are negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world's trading nations and ratified in their parliament -goal is to help business people conduct their business | 83 | |
| 4242683043 | Yellowstone | -1st US National Park -established in 1872 | 84 | |
| 4242683044 | Tree plantations | Stand of single tree species typically planted in straight rows | 85 | |
| 4242683045 | Clear cutting | Removing all trees in a given forested area at one time | 86 | |
| 4242683046 | Selective cutting | Removing particular trees | 87 | |
| 4242683047 | Consequences of deforestation | 1. Soil horizon "O" decreases 2. Surface water supplies decreases 3. Increased possibility of desertification 4. Increased runoff into rivers and streams 5. Decreased biodiversity in forest | 88 | |
| 4242683048 | Seed-tree cutting | Removing all the small trees and leaving large, mature, seed-bearing trees | 89 | |
| 4242683049 | Approach to forest management | 1. Remove poorly formed and unproductive trees 2. Plant GMO seedlings 3. Fertilize the soil 4. Control pests and disease | 90 | |
| 4242683050 | Pastures | -Used for livestock grazing -Has vegetation that has been deliberately planted rather than plants that naturally grow in the area | 91 | |
| 4242683051 | Henry David Thoreau | Author of Walden (1854) | 92 | |
| 4242683052 | John Muir | Founder of Sierra Club | 93 | |
| 4242683053 | How many seconds in a yr? | 31,536,000 seconds | 94 | |
| 4242683054 | Non-depletable resources | Resources that cannot be used on a human time scale Ex: Solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal | 95 | |
| 4242683055 | Potentially renewable resources | Resources that can be sustained on Earth as long as consumption does not outpace growth/ replenishment Ex: biomass | 96 | |
| 4242683056 | Biomass | Most common source of energy for heating and cooking | 97 | |
| 4242683057 | Photovoltaic System Solar PV system PV system Photovoltaic Power system Solar Array | Collection of solar panels mounted together | 98 |
