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| 6163228109 | Catalina de Erauso | (1585-1650) Female Basque/Spanish explorer who dressed as a man, lived the life of a soldier and adventurer in the Spanish colonial Americas. | 0 | |
| 6163229706 | viceroyalties | Seats of power of the Spanish officials representing the king in the new world. | 1 | |
| 6163261120 | Bartolomé de las Casas | (ca. 1484-1566) A Spanish Dominican friar who argued for the humanity of Amerindians and criticized Spanish mistreatment of them. | 2 | |
| 6163261139 | Potosí | Location high in the Andes in modern Bolivia where the Spanish found huge quantities of silver. Silver exports from Potosí and other American mines helped finance development of the early modern world economy. | 3 | |
| 6163265057 | mercury amalgamation process | A process used to increase the efficiency with which silver could be extracted from ore. The use of mercury was highly toxic and led to the death of many Amerindian mine workers. | 4 | |
| 6163266814 | haciendas | Large estates characteristic of colonial agriculture in Latin America. | 5 | |
| 6163268133 | mestizo | Offspring of an Amerindian and Spanish union. Cultural and biologic blending became characteristic of Mexican society. | 6 | |
| 6163268134 | syncretism | The fusion of cultural elements from more than one tradition. In colonial Latin America religious syncretism was common, with both Amerindians and Africans blending their existing beliefs and rituals with Catholicism. | 7 | |
| 6163272432 | Virgin of Guadalupe | An apparition of the Virgin Mary, with a dark complexion, said to have appeared to a Mexican farmer in 1531. The cult of the Virgin of Guadalupe exerted a powerful attraction to Mesoamerica's surviving Amerindians. She remains a symbol of Mexican identity. | 8 | |
| 6163272433 | casta system | The system of racial categorization in the Spanish Americas. Dozens of different "casta" terms were developed for various mixtures of European, African, and Amerindian descent. Though a flexible system that allowed movement "up" or "down" the racial hierarchy, markers of Spanish descent always carried the highest status. | 9 | |
| 6163280731 | Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz | One of the great literary figures of colonial New Spain. Wrote poetry, prose, and philosophy despite having been denied a university education. Best known for her defense of intellectual equality of men and women. | 10 | |
| 6163280732 | Palmares | The largest and most powerful maroon community (1630-1694) established by escaped slaves in the colonial Americas. Using military and diplomatic means, their leaders retained autonomy from Portuguese Brazil for over half a century. | 11 | |
| 6163283425 | Québec | (est. 1608) Founded by Samuel de Champlain as the capital of new France (in modern Canada); became a hub for the French fur trade and the center from which French settlement in the Americas first began to expand. | 12 | |
| 6163285909 | métis | In colonial New France, the offspring of a European and Amerindian union. | 13 | |
| 6163285910 | Huron | A matriarchal, Iroquoian-speaking Amerindian group in the St. Lawrence region that was devastated by the smallpox brought by French fur traders and missionaries in the mid-seventeenth century. | 14 | |
| 6163285928 | Virginia | (est. 1607) English colony in North America with an export economy based on tobacco production. the use of European indentured servants gave way to dependence on slave labor. | 15 | |
| 6163288808 | New England | Colony that began with the arrival of English Calvinists in 1620s, and characterized by homogeneous, self-sufficient farming communities. | 16 |
