Terms : Hide Images
| 6165211546 | Cultural geography | The study of how cultures vary over space | 0 | |
| 6165211547 | Culture | -The specialized behavioral social patterns, understandings, adaptations, and social systems that summarize a group of people's learned way of life -Defined as a body of learned behaviors shared by individuals within a society | 1 | |
| 6165211548 | Habit | A repetitive act that an individual performs | 2 | |
| 6165211549 | Custom | A repetitive act of a group performed so that it becomes a characteristic of the group. | 3 | |
| 6165211550 | Culture | a group's entire collection of customs | 4 | |
| 6165211551 | Material culture | The things a group of people construct such as art, houses, clothing, sports, dance, and food | 5 | |
| 6165211552 | Non-material culture | The beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and values of a group of people | 6 | |
| 6165211553 | Components (structure) of culture | -culture traits -culture complex -culture region -culture realm -globalization | 7 | |
| 6165211554 | Culture traits | -Smallest item of culture - building block of culture -Learned behavior ranging from language spoken, to tools, to games -They can be objects, techniques, beliefs, or attitudes | 8 | |
| 6165211555 | Culture complex | Individual cultural traits that are functionally interrelated (combination of culture traits) | 9 | |
| 6165211556 | Culture regions | -Culture traits and complexes have areal (spacial) extent -Used to show the spacial extent of similar cultural areas | 10 | |
| 6165211557 | Culture realm | Cultural regions showing similar complexes and landscapes grouped to form a larger area | 11 | |
| 6165211558 | Sociological subsystems | -The ideological subsystem -The technological subsystem -The sociological subsystem | 12 | |
| 6165211559 | Ideological subsystem (non-material culture) | Ideas, beliefs, and knowledge of a culture and the ways these ideas are expressed in speech or other forms of communication | 13 | |
| 6165211560 | Mentifacts | -Symbolizes the central enduring elements of a culture expressing it's values and beliefs (symbolic) -Symbolizes what people think or believe (ex. cross) | 14 | |
| 6165211561 | Technological subsystem | Material objects, together with the techniques of their use | 15 | |
| 6165211562 | Artifacts | Man-made material objects - housing, clothing, transportation, defense | 16 | |
| 6165211563 | Sociological subsystem | -The accepted and expected patterns of interpersonal relations (ex. holidays) -The institutions that link individuals and groups - unite a culture | 17 | |
| 6165211564 | Sociofacts | -Institutions and organizations that bring a culture together and dictate social behavior -How people come together - (Ex., family, political institutions, educational institutions) | 18 | |
| 6165211565 | Cultural landscape | Interactions of a group in relation to their own cultural practices as well as the values of society as reflected through artifacts and architecture | 19 | |
| 6165211566 | Cultural hearth | -The source of place of origin of a major culture -An area where cultural traits develop and from which cultural traits diffuse | 20 | |
| 6165211567 | Diffusion | The process of dissemination, the spread of an idea or innovation from it's hearth to another area/areas | 21 | |
| 6165211568 | Cultural diffusion | The expansion and adoption of a cultural element from it's place of origin to a wider area -Two types - expansion and relocation | 22 | |
| 6165211569 | Expansion diffusion | -An idea or innovation spreads outward from the hearth -Three types - contagious, hierarchical, and stimulus | 23 | |
| 6165211570 | Contagious diffusion | -The spreading of an idea, innovation, or good through a population by person to person contact -Idea spreads evenly outward from the hearth - like a wave | 24 | |
| 6165211571 | Hierarchical diffusion | -Occurs when an idea, innovation, or good spreads by passing first among the most connected places or people -Spread of ideas first to ruler, king, or highest authority and then downward to those in lesser positions -Modern world often involves an urban hierarchy | 25 | |
| 6165211572 | Stimulus diffusion | -Occurs when a cultural adaptations occurs as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place -The idea/concept "stimulates" a similar, but modified version of the original trait | 26 | |
| 6165211573 | Relocation | When a cultural group moves and establishes its culture in a new location | 27 | |
| 6165211574 | Folk culture | -The culture traditionally practiced primarily by small, homogeneous groups living in isolated and rural areas -Clustered and isolated -Isolation promotes cultural diversity from the larger dominant society, as a group's unique customs develop over several centuries -Varies widely from place to place at one time -A social custom originates at a hearth, a center of innovation -Customs tend to have anonymous sources from unknown dates, through multiple hearths | 28 | |
| 6165211575 | Diffusion of folk culture | -Folk customs tend to diffuse slowly and primarily though physical relocation of individuals -Folk culture deals with the lives and habits of its people -Physical environment in which the people act has a tremendous impact on the culture | 29 | |
| 6165211576 | Folk music | -Tells stories or conveys information about daily activities -Original source is often anonymous or unknown -Is not intended for sale or distribution | 30 | |
| 6165211577 | Folk food | -People living in folk culture are likely to be farmers growing their own food, using hand tools and/or animal power -Local food preferences are a large part of the folk customs of that religion | 31 | |
| 6165211578 | Folk architecture | -Dwellings: historically created from local materials (ex. wood, brick, stone, skins); often uniquely and traditionally arranged; always functionally tied to the physical environment -Local traditions, as well as environmental factors determine the type of house that is built in a region -Effects on landscape usually of limited scale and scope - Overview: -Stable and close knit -Tradition controls -Usually a rural community -Resistance to change | 32 | |
| 6165211579 | Most common Folk Architecture building materials | -Stone construction -Fired brick -Earthen constructing (including sun-dried brick) -Sod construction -Tent housing -Logs or sawed lumber -Half timbering -Poles, bamboo, leaves and bark -Brush, thatch | 33 | |
| 6165211580 | Popular Culture | A wide-ranging group of heterogeneous people who stretch across identities and across the world, and who embrace cultural traits such as music, dance, clothing, and food preferences that change frequently and are ubiquitous on the cultural landscape | 34 | |
| 6165211581 | Diffusion of pop culture | -Widely distributed and varies widely from time to time in a given place -Diffuses rapidly through hierarchical diffusion from the nodes -Tends to have a known originator -Flourishes where people have higher incomes to and time to make use of them -Diffusion of internet controls pop culture - US controls internet -As global internet use increases, pop culture will have yet another conduit to rapidly and effectively diffuse to nearly every inhabited place on the planet | 35 | |
| 6165211582 | Music and pop culture | Pop music is written (performed) by specific individuals for the purpose of being sold to a large number of people | 36 | |
| 6165211583 | Pop culture and fashion | -Blue jeans have become the symbol of youth and "westernization" throughout the world | 37 | |
| 6165211584 | Pop culture and food | -Food preferences depend on high income and national advertising -Religious taboos are often responsible for certain area's preferences or dislikes of specific foods, much as in folk custom -(Ex. wine is rarely consumed outside Christian dominant countries) | 38 | |
| 6165211585 | Pop culture and architecture | -Housing less dependent on what type of house is appropriate for what site or region -Housing reflects dominant trend in the architectural field at the time of construction | 39 | |
| 6165211586 | Problems with the Globalization of culture | -Can destroy folk culture -Accelerated resource use in consumer societies -Pollution -Placelessness | 40 | |
| 6165211587 | Placelessness | -The loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape -Everyplace looks the same | 41 | |
| 6165211588 | Benefits of Economic and Cultural Globalization | -Increased economic opportunity -Higher standards of living -Increased consumer choice -More political freedom -More social freedom | 42 | |
| 6165211589 | Cultural Ecology | -The field that studies the relationship between the natural environment and culture -Categories: Schools of Thought -Environmental determinism -Possibilism -Environmental Perception -Cultural Determinism | 43 | |
| 6165211590 | Environmental determinism | -Social culture is developed completely by the environment -Similar environments produce similar cultures | 44 | |
| 6165211591 | Possibilism | -People develop culture as much as environment -The environment provides possibilities for a culture -Technology increases the possibilities | 45 | |
| 6165211592 | Environmental perception | -Perception of the environment affects culture -Perception is developed by the teachings of culture | 46 | |
| 6165211593 | Cultural determinism | -Human culture is more important than the physical environment -Humans determine the environment | 47 | |
| 6165211594 | Cultural Convergence | Occurs when two cultures adopt each other's traits and become more alike | 48 | |
| 6165211595 | Cultural Divergence | -Occurs when two cultures become increasingly different -Often when one group moves away from the territory of one cultural group | 49 | |
| 6165211596 | Cultural adaptation | The process by which an individual modifies his personal habits and customs to fit in to a particular culture | 50 | |
| 6165211597 | Cultural appropriation | -The process by which cultures adopt customs and knowledge from other cultures and use them for their benefit -(Culture stealing) | 51 | |
| 6165211598 | Acculturation | -When two cultures come in contact with one another and the "weaker" of the two adopts traits from the dominant culture | 52 | |
| 6165211599 | Assimilation | Acculturation may lead to assimilation - the process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group | 53 | |
| 6165211600 | Transculturation | -When two cultures of just about equal power meet and exchange ideas and traits - one is not dominant over the other -(Neutral culture exchange) | 54 | |
| 6165211601 | Maladaptive diffusion | The adoption of a diffusing trait that is impractical for a region of culture (ex. car usage in pacific island nations - expensive and impractical) | 55 | |
| 6165211602 | Cultural Imperialism | The invasion of a culture into another with the intent of dominating the invaded culture politically, economically, and/or socially | 56 | |
| 6165211603 | Cultural Nationalism | The resistance by a group of people against cultural imperialism | 57 | |
| 6165211604 | Local Culture | -A group of people in a particular place who see themselves as a collective or a community, who share experiences, customs, traits, and who work to preserve those traits and customs in order to claim uniqueness and to distinguish themselves from others -Two goals: -Keeping other cultures out (creating a boundary around itself, ex. religion, language, race, or customs) -Keeping their own culture in (avoiding cultural appropriation) | 58 | |
| 6165211605 | Neolocalism | The seeking out of the regional or local culture and reinvigorating it in response to the modern world | 59 | |
| 6165211606 | Cultural barriers | Cultural attitudes or beliefs that make adopting certain innovations, ideas, or practices unacceptable or unadoptable | 60 | |
| 6165211607 | Reterritorialization | When a group takes on an aspect of popular culture and makes it their own | 61 | |
| 6165211608 | Authenticity | The accuracy with which a single stereotype or typecast image or experience conveys an otherwise dynamic and complex local culture | 62 | |
| 6165211609 | Race | A subset of human population whose members share certain distinctive, biological (inherited) traits | 63 | |
| 6165211610 | Modern Perspective on race | -Very little actual variation in human DNA -Race is an arbitrary, socially constructed classification scheme -Not a biological reality -There is far more genetic variation between individuals within any "race" than there is between the "races" | 64 | |
| 6165211611 | Racism | The belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and that racial differences produce on inherent superiority of a particular race | 65 | |
| 6165211612 | Ethnicity | -Affiliation with a group sharing a distinctive culture, frequently based on common national origin, religion, language, or race -Learned cultural characteristics set it apart from the larger population within which it is found | 66 | |
| 6165211613 | Ethnocentrism | Belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group | 67 | |
| 6165211614 | Ethnic islands | A small rural area settled by a single distinctive ethnic group that places its imprint on the landscape | 68 | |
| 6165211615 | Ethnic Enclave | -A cluster or small area occupied by a distinctive minority culture -Maintained because the minority chooses to preserve the cluster -Often an entry point for new immigrants | 69 | |
| 6165211616 | Where minorities live | -African Americans: South -Hispanics: Southwest -Asians: Western US -Native Americans: Western US | 70 | |
| 6165211617 | Residential Segregation | The degree to which two or more groups live separately from one another, in different parts of an urban environment | 71 | |
| 6165211618 | Cluster migration | A pattern of movement and settlement resulting from the collective action of a distinctive social or ethnic group | 72 | |
| 6165211619 | Tipping point | -The degree of neighborhood or ethnic mixing that includes the former majority group to move out rapidly -"White Flight" | 73 | |
| 6165211620 | Ghetto | -A forced or voluntarily segregated residential area housing a racial, ethnic, or religious minority -The cluster is preserved by external constrains and discrimination -First use of the term was in Venice, Italy, during 1500's -Referred to area Jews were required to live | 74 | |
| 6165211621 | Barrioization | -A dramatic increase in Hispanic population in a given neighborhood -"Barrio" - Spanish for neighborhood | 75 | |
| 6165211622 | Ethnic Cleansing | The systematic killing or extermination of an entire people, nation, or ethnic group | 76 | |
| 6165211623 | Infanticide | The killing of an infant | 77 | |
| 6165213113 | Core-Domain-Sphere | Model that expresses the decreasing influence of a culture with increasing distance from the center of the culture region. |  | 78 |
| 6165215275 | Syncretism | When new culture traits emerge as a hybrid of two parent traits such as the Mexican Taco & Chow Mein (in the US) or African/Catholic religions merge in Brazil. | 79 |
