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AP Psychology Review- People Flashcards

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6713262486William Jamesrecognized for writing the Principles of Psychology, founder of Functionalism, and created emotion theory with colleague Carl Lang0
6713268513Charles Darwinrecognized for the theory of evolution1
6713268514Dorothea DixNineteenth-century reformer who protested the practice of confining the mentally ill in prisons and whose labors led to the expansion and improvement of mental hospitals.2
6713270514G. Stanley Hallfounder of the APA. and theory of Storm and Stress3
6713270515B.F. SkinnerBehaviorist known for the theory of operant conditioning4
6713272333John B. WatsonKnown for the "Little Albert" experiment where he classically conditioned a baby to be afraid of rats5
6713272334Wilhelm Wundtopened the Institute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany to study introspection and founded Structuralism6
6713274219Sigmund FreudAustrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a movement that popularized the theory that unconscious motives control much behavior7
6713274220Carl Rogersknown as the father of client-centered (humanistic) therapy8
6713275865Jean PiagetCognitive psychologist known for his developmental theory including Servomotor; Pre-operational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational Stage9
6713280163Albert BanduraSocial-Cognitive Psychologist known for his Bobo Doll study on observational learning10
6713282528Paul Brocacelebrated for his discovery of the speech production center of the brain located in the frontal lobes11
6713282529Carl WernickeKnown for discovery of the area of the brain involved in understanding language located in the temporal lobe12
6713286946Ernest Hilgardfamous in the 1950s for his research on hypnosis, especially with regard to pain control and the "hidden observer"13
6713288116Robert RescorlaShowed that in classical conditioning, pairing two stimuli doesn't always produce the same level of conditioning. Conditioning works better if the conditioned stimulus acts as a reliable signal that predicts the appearance of the unconditioned stimulus.14
6713289685Edward TolmanBehaviorist studied latent learning in rats through maze learning (learning which is not apparent in the learner's behavior at the time of learning, but which manifests later when a suitable motivation and circumstances appear)15
6713289686Lawrence KholbergKnown for his moral development theory including Pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional16
6713291175Harry Harlowbest known for his maternal-separation, dependency needs, and social isolation experiments on rhesus monkeys, which manifested the importance of care-giving and companionship in social and cognitive development.17
6713291176Lev Vygotskybest known for being an educational psychologist with a sociocultural theory. This theory suggests that social interaction leads to continuous step-by-step changes in children's thought and behavior that can vary greatly from culture to culture18
6713293161Carol GilliganAmerican psychologist known for her research in gender issues, ethical decision making, and hierarchies19
6713293162Erick Ericksondevelopmental psychologist and psychoanalyst, best known for formulating the Psychosocial Stages of Development which outlined personality development from birth to old age20
6713295089Abraham Maslowbest known for hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization.21
6713295090Hans Selyefirst person to identify stress as a medical issue and its effects on people. Known as the "father of stress research"22
6713297780Alfred Kinseymost known for his research regarding human sexual behavior. ... His books "Sexual Behavior in the Human Male" (1948) and "Sexual Behavior in the Human Female" (1953) were groundbreaking in the field of human sexuality and human behavior in general23
6713301113Stanley Schacterbest known for his development of the two factor theory of emotion24
6713301114Noam ChomskyAmerican linguist who contributed greatly to Cognitive psychology through language research. Believed children were pre-wired to learn language.25
6713303077Hermann Ebbinghauspioneered the experimental study of memory, and is known for his discovery of the forgetting curve and the spacing effect. He was also the first person to describe the learning curve26
6713303078Wolfgang Kohlerwas one of the founders of Gestalt psychology along with Max Wertheimer and Kurt Koffka. He is also famous for his description of insight learning which he tested on animals, particularly chimpanzees.27
6713310800Charles SpearmanDeveloped his two-factor theory of intelligence using factor analysis. His research not only led him to develop the concept of the g factor of general intelligence, but also the s factor of specific intellectual abilities.28
6713310801Robert SternbergBest known for Triarchic Theory of Intelligence which stated there are three types of intelligence: Analytical, Practical, and Creative29
6713312250David WechslerHe developed well-known intelligence scales, such as the scale for adults (WAIS) and the scale for children (WISC).30
6713312251Francis Galtonpioneered the fields of eugenics and psychometrics, and was the first to apply statistical methods to the study of human differences and inheritance of intelligence.31
6713315495Howard GardnerAmerican developmental psychologist who developed the theory of multiple intelligences. He proposed that people have different ways of processing stimuli and information and theorized that these different types of intelligence mostly work independently of each other.32
6713318068Alfred Binetdeveloped the first Intelligence Test in collaboration with Theodore Simon. The test was developed in order to identify children with learning disabilities so that they might be placed in a special class. The scale was composed of thirty tasks, including items on memory, vocabulary, verbal ability, and reasoning.33
6713320964Stanley MilgramSocial Psychologist who is most well-known for conducting a series of controversial experiments on Obedience to Authority Figures34
6713320965Philip Zimbardois known for leading the Stanford Prison Study, a controversial experiment which investigated the psychological effects of being a prisoner or prison guard. In the experiment, college students were randomly assigned to become prisoners or guards.35
6713324160Solomon AshHis primary areas of research included impression formation, prestige and conformity and the nature of group pressure.36
6713332736Leon Festingerdeveloped the theories of cognitive dissonance and social comparison theory.37
6713339929Mary Ainsworthdevelopmental psychologist who became known for her work concerning early emotional attachment of babies to their primary caregivers in the "Strange Situation"38

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