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APES: Toxicology Flashcards

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9370231409ArsenicLong-term exposure to this heavy metal in drinking water can cause cancer in the skin, lungs, bladder* and kidney. It can also cause other skin changes such as thickening and pigmentation. *Note: smoking interacts synergistically with this toxin to increase the risk of bladder cancer0
9370231410AsbestosA mineral once used in insulation and other materials that can cause respiratory diseases, namely the aggressive type of cancer known as mesothelioma (which can also affect the lining of the chest cavity)1
9370233385AtrazineA widely used herbicide and known endocrine disruptor that causes developmental anomalies in frogs and alligators Note: hermaphroditic frog tadpoles observed even at low concentrations2
9370236649BenzeneThe primary aromatic (ring-structure) hydrocarbon; major effect from long-term exposure is on the bone marrow and can cause a decrease in red blood cells, leading to anemia.3
9370236650Bisphenol-AA "plasticizer" used to decrease weight and increase hardness in plastic products; an endocrine disrupter, specifically an estrogen mimic4
9370238448BHAButylated hydroxyanisole; it's a preservative that has been linked to endocrine disruption5
9370257722CadmiumA heavy metal associated with acute inhalation exposure (high levels over a short period of time) resulting in flu-like symptoms (chills, fever, and muscle pain) and can damage the lungs. Chronic exposure (low level over an extended period of time) can result in kidney, bone and lung disease6
9370260233DDTDichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane; a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide that is an endocrine disrupter in many animals, including humans7
9370260234DECADecabromodiphenyl Ether; a brominated flame retardant with neurotoxic properties8
9370284671DioxinsChlorine-based byproducts of combustion and known carcinogens9
9370286814LeadHighly neurotoxic metal found in some paints and pigments, including paint on the walls of old houses and toys; accumulates in bone tissue10
9370286815MercuryElemental and methylated forms are toxic to the central and peripheral nervous systems11
9370286816ParabensPreservatives used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and in the food industry that have endocrine disrupting properties and are associated with some forms of cancer12
9370288476PerchlorateMainly used for propellants, also used to control static electricity in food packaging; chronic exposure may lead to tumors in the thyroid13
9370288477PFOAPerfluorooctanoic Acid (aka "C8") found in nonstick surfaces, industrial waste, stain resistant fibers and is a known carcinogen and liver toxin14
9370294306PhthalatesA "plasticizer" used to increase transparency and flexibility in plastic products; an endocrine disrupter also linked to birth defects15
9370294307PCBsFat-soluble toxic (persistent organic) pollutants formerly used in electrical materials, carbonless copy paper and in heat transfer fluids for machinery; known as a "definite carcinogen" as well as causing endocrine disruption and damage to the thyroid and liver16
9370299780RadonA gas that arises from the earth where radioactive materials are present.17
9370312624Vinyl chlorideAn important industrial chemical chiefly used to produce PVC for building materials (from petroleum); known to cause angiosarcoma of the liver18
9375640677Endocrine disruptersynthetic chemical that adversely affects hormone production or function and are "reasonably anticipated to have potentially carcinogenic effects"19

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