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| 8808039244 | Marine sediments that form limestone are a major sink for this element | Carbon | 0 | |
| 8808039245 | Guano from fish-eating birds is a commercial source of this element | Phosphorus | 1 | |
| 8808039246 | This element in pyrite contributes to acid mine drainage | Sulfur | 2 | |
| 8808039247 | Requires the federal government to produce an environmental impact statement for any construction project funded by the government | National Environmental Policy Act | 3 | |
| 8808039248 | Contains an amendment that allows private landowners to modify their property under a habitat conservation plan | Endangered Species act | 4 | |
| 8808039249 | Addressed the issue of stratospheric ozone depletion | Montreal Protocol | 5 | |
| 8808039250 | Drawbacks include noise and the release of corrosive chemicals | Geothermal | 6 | |
| 8808039251 | More commonly used in the least developed countries than in highly developed countries | Biomass | 7 | |
| 8808039252 | Converts solar energy directly into electrical energy | Photovoltaics | 8 | |
| 8808039253 | Which graph best illustrates a population growing at its bionic potential | Exponential graph | 9 | |
| 8808039254 | Which best illustrates a population that was growing and has reached its carrying capacity | Growing graph that levels out | 10 | |
| 8808039255 | Which zone has the greatest biodiversity | A- the closest to the shoreline | 11 | |
| 8808039256 | The zone in which species are adapted to the lowest light and the highest pressure | E- the lowest level | 12 | |
| 8808039257 | The zone in which the greatest total mass of CO2 is absorbed from the atmosphere | B- the highest level but not attached to the shore | 13 | |
| 8808039258 | All of the following are likely consequences of indoor air pollution EXCEPT an increase in | the risk of developing skin cancer | 14 | |
| 8808039259 | A clock draws 2.0 watts of power to operate and is in operation 8,600 hours per year. The energy usage of the clock, in kWh per year is closest to | 17 | 15 | |
| 8808039260 | For a primary producer, the main function of photosynthesis is to manufacture | Gluclose | 16 | |
| 8808039261 | Of the following ecosystems, which has the lowest net primary productivity, measured as kilocalories of energy produced per square meter per year | Open Ocean | 17 | |
| 8808039262 | Which of the following is not a property of water | It absorbs relatively little heat as it vaporizes | 18 | |
| 8808039263 | Many environmentalists consider Egypt's Aswan High Damn on the Nile River to be an ecological disaster. Which of the following is the best evidence to support this viewpoint | Most of the nutrient-rich silt that the Nile annually deposited downstream is now deposited behind the dam | 19 | |
| 8808039264 | Approx how many more mammal species became extinct in the period 1901-2000 than became extinct in the period 1801-1900 | 90 | 20 | |
| 8808039265 | Which of the following is the most likely reason that the greatest number of extinctions of bird species occurred in the period 1901-2000 | Increased environmental disturbances from human activities altered bird habitats | 21 | |
| 8808039266 | Which of the following best describes acid mine drainage | The leakage of water containing toxic materials from coal and metal mines | 22 | |
| 8808039267 | Which of the following is a characteristic of tropical rain forests | Their soils are relatively poor in nutrients | 23 | |
| 8808039268 | Which of the following best characterizes a population that is growing exponentially with time | doubling in size over equal increments of time | 24 | |
| 8808039269 | Switching from customary large-scale agricultural practices to which of the following is most likely to reduce the exposure of farmers and nearby residents to toxic chemicals. | Integrated pest management | 25 | |
| 8808039270 | Which of the following best illustrates a mitigation approach to climate change | increasing the proportion of commercial energy that is produced by wind farms | 26 | |
| 8808039271 | Which of the following is a common component of photo chemical smog and is reddish brown gas with a pungent odor | Nitrogen Dioxide | 27 | |
| 8808039272 | The release of a large amount of sewage and other organic wastes into a river would likely result in a sharp | increase in biological oxygen demand | 28 | |
| 8808039273 | all of the following statements about invasive exotic species are true except | they tend to have a low reproductive rate | 29 | |
| 8808039274 | Which of the following is the best example of gray water | water that has been used for bathing and for washing clothes | 30 | |
| 8808039275 | the increase in mean global temperature is likely to result in all of the following except | increased ground level ultraviolet radiation | 31 | |
| 8808039276 | A laboratory study using rats showed a steady increase in physical effects as the concentration of a toxic substance in their food was increased. This suggests thats | the dose response relationship is linear | 32 | |
| 8808039277 | How many units of energy do greenhouse gases contribute to the greenhouse effect | 60 | 33 | |
| 8808039278 | How many units of energy are absorbed by Earth's surface | 120 | 34 | |
| 8808039279 | how many units of energy return to space from earth and its atmosphere | 100 | 35 | |
| 8808039280 | in a human population, the population momentum effect is likely to occur in cases in which a larger percent of people in the population are in which age group | younger than eighteen years old | 36 | |
| 8808039281 | which of the following pairs of statistics would most likely indicate the highest quality of life in a country | high life expectancy and low infant morality | 37 | |
| 8808039282 | Which of the following is most likely to reduce the United States contribution to the increase in concentration in the atmospheric CO2 | switching from cars and trucks to rail for mass transit and freight movement | 38 | |
| 8808039283 | many synthetic chemicals such as PCBs act as estrogen mimics. In an ecosystem these persistent chemicals would have the greatest effect on which of the following | Secondary consumers | 39 | |
| 8808039284 | Correct statements about the northern spotted owl include which of the following | 2 and 3 it is dependent on mature old growth forest for its habitat, it is a carnivore at or near the top of the food chain | 40 | |
| 8808039285 | this item not scored | not scored | 41 | |
| 8808039286 | Which of the following compounds is not involved in the depletion of stratospheric ozone | carbon dioxide | 42 | |
| 8808039287 | which of the following is a greenhouse gas that comes only from human sources | chlorofluorocarbons | 43 | |
| 8808039288 | A small developing country with negligible rates of immigration and emigration is going through a demographic change. 30 years ago the crude birth rate was 44 per thousand per year and the crude death rate was 17 per thousand per year. Now the crude birth rate is 16 per thousand per year and the crude death rate is 5 per thousand per year. Which of the following statements about the country now is most likely to be true. | The country is at the industrial stage of the demographic transition | 44 | |
| 8808039289 | which of the following best explains why decomposers in soils and water are important to ecosystems | they recycle nutrients | 45 | |
| 8808039290 | Which of the following changes would also be expected in the pond over the same period of time. | 2 only- Increased levels of heavy metals | 46 | |
| 8808039291 | An effective short term remediation strategy for the pond would be | add calcium carbonate to the pond water | 47 | |
| 8808039292 | which of the following inferences is supported by the results of this series of experiments | increased UV penetration through the Antarctic ozone hole would further depress productivity of phytoplankton | 48 | |
| 8808039293 | Which of the following is the most valid conclusion that can be inferred from this experiment | The thinning of the Antarctic ozone layer is likely to have a dramatic effect on the entire polar food chain | 49 | |
| 8808039294 | Which two tank comparison provides the strongest evidence that the presence of UV light at natural levels inhibits photosynthesis | Tank 1 vs Tank 2 | 50 | |
| 8808039295 | Which of the following would ass the most support to the reliability of this series of experiments | Duplicate the experiment under identical conditions and get similar results | 51 | |
| 8808039296 | Which of the following would be the most likely effect of acid deposition on a northern forest | Decreased ability of trees to withstand cold weather | 52 | |
| 8808039297 | In 1986 Country X established regulations to reduce the maximum allowable concentration of chromium in industrial effluents from 37 ppm to 25 ppm. In 194 government research indicated that a chromium concentration of up to 35 ppm in effluents presented an acceptable risk in the same year that the government also discovered that a certain chemical company has been discharging effluents with chromium concentrations of 32 ppm each year since 181 based on this information which of the following statements is correct | The chemical company did not violate effluent regulations in the 1982-1985 period, but it violated them at some other time | 53 | |
| 8808039298 | If the population of a country is growing at a rate of 1.75% per year, the population will double in approx how many years | 40 | 54 | |
| 8808039299 | True statements about ozone include which of the following | 2 and 3 Contact with ozone can be injurious to human health Ozone absorbs some wavelengths of ultraviolet radiation | 55 | |
| 8808039300 | The danger from radon gas would most likely be greatest in | Well insulated homes | 56 | |
| 8808039301 | Most plastics pose a special problem in the waste stream because they | Decompose slowly if at all and persist as solid waste | 57 | |
| 8808039302 | Which of the following air pollutants is correctly paired with one of its major effects | Sulfur oxides, acid decomposition | 58 | |
| 8808039303 | The activity with the health risk most likely to be overestimated by the general public in the United States | living near a nuclear power plant | 59 | |
| 8808039304 | Which of the following is a primary air pollutant produced from burning coal | Carbon monoxide | 60 | |
| 8808039305 | A farmer observes that increasingly higher concentrations of a particular pesticide have been requires each year over the past ten years to achieve the same level of effectiveness on a specific insect pest. Which of the following best helps explain the observation? | some individual insects are more likely than others to survive and reproduce due to their inherited traits. | 61 | |
| 8808039306 | In what year was the fraction of energy supplied by coal the greatest | 1910 | 62 | |
| 8808039307 | In approx what year did oil and gas become the dominant fuels for the US | 1940 | 63 | |
| 8808039308 | Nuclear power is a component of the line labeled "other" in the graph. Why is it impossible for nuclear energy to completely replace oil and gas in the future? | Nuclear power can supply electricity, but it cannot replace other uses of oil and gas | 64 | |
| 8808039309 | The primary cause for the decline in the use of wood as fuel in the eighteen hundreds was the | Reduced wood availability resulting from widespread deforestation | 65 | |
| 8808039310 | Which of the following is true about the region of the Earth's atmosphere known as the stratosphere | the highest concentration of naturally occurring ozone forms in this layer | 66 | |
| 8808039311 | The crude growth rate, r, of a population is calculated by | subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate | 67 | |
| 8808039312 | Recent studies show that the decline of some tree populations in the northeastern United States is due to a combination of factors. Which of the following is the most important factor? | Toxic metals freed by acid deposition | 68 | |
| 8808039313 | Which of the following characteristically produces non point source pollution | Erosion from ag land | 69 | |
| 8808039314 | According to the graph above, the global human population will most likely | have doubled between 1950 and 2150 | 70 | |
| 8808039315 | Factors that increase the spread of infectious diseases include all of the following except | exposure to neurotoxins, which affect the endocrine system | 71 | |
| 8808039316 | It has been observed that forest fires can produce up to 40 percent of the mean annual global emissions of which of the following gases | carbon dioxide | 72 | |
| 8808039317 | which of the following does not exert a major influence on Earths overall climate | the seasonal development of temperature inversions in geographical basins | 73 | |
| 8808039318 | Salmon farming threatens the health of wild salmon stocks primarily because | farmed salmon can spread parasites and disease to wild salmon | 74 | |
| 8808039319 | Members of an r-selected species characteristically | reach sexual maturity quickly | 75 | |
| 8808039320 | Biological control methods for managing insect pests are effective for reasons that include which of the following | 2 and 3 They generally focus on one target insect to ensure that the target insect population remains low they can lead to a self perpetuating population of control species | 76 | |
| 8808039321 | Which of the following is the best example of an economic incentive that could be used to improve environmental quality and reduce resource waste | Providing tax breaks for companies that use recycled materials | 77 | |
| 8808039322 | West nile virus was identified in the western hemisphere during the summer of 1999 and was associated with human, equine, and avian deaths. This virus is aquired by | being bitten by an infected mosquito | 78 | |
| 8808039323 | the great grasslands of the world have which of the following primary characteristics in common | seasonal cycles of temperature and precipitation produce abundant vegetative growth | 79 | |
| 8808039324 | A cost benefit analysis done to investigate a proposed mine site would likely take which of the following into account | 1 2 and 3 The medical costs of mine worker injuries The cost of environmental restoration of sire when it is shut down the value of the ore to be extracted from the mine | 80 | |
| 8808039325 | Approx how many more times acidic in terms of H+ concentration is precipitation in the northeastern US as compared to precipitation in the South Pacific | 10 | 81 | |
| 8808039326 | the primary cause of acid precipitation in the northeastern US is | burning of sulfur containing fossil fuels to produce electricity | 82 | |
| 8808039327 | Which of the following ecological concepts includes all of the others | ecosystem | 83 | |
| 8808039328 | the risk that many cancer causing chemicals pose to humans can be estimated using laboratory tests on rats. A significant scientific limitation of such tests that | they are banned in the US | 84 | |
| 8808039329 | which of the following is the most successful solutions to the problems of fish mortality caused by dams | Building fish ladders around the dam | 85 | |
| 8808039330 | Which of the following actions would be most likely to increase the protection of ecological systems in national forests | Mandate that the government sale of logging rights in national forests be at fair market value | 86 | |
| 8808039331 | Of the following which is the most likely composition of the soil sample | E 10% 10% 80% | 87 | |
| 8808039332 | Which of the following properties of soil sample most influences the flow of water through the sample | Permeability | 88 | |
| 8808039333 | The low anchovy catch in 1998 was most likely the result of | Reduced ocean upwelling along the coast | 89 | |
| 8808039334 | The high sea surface temperature in 1998 was most likely due to | El Nino | 90 | |
| 8808039335 | Which of the following is an example of an external cost | individuals pay for medical treatment of lung disease aggravated by pollution from a coal fired power plant | 91 | |
| 8808039336 | Which of the following best represents the percent of water that is used for various purposes worldwide | E 70% 20% 10% | 92 | |
| 8808039337 | In north america native pollinators often increase the quantity and quality of crops of native plants that are insect pollinated more effectively than European honeybees do. The most likely reason for the phenomenon is that native pollinators | Have co evolved with native plant species | 93 | |
| 8808039338 | Which of the following best describes the process of leaching | Water percolating through soil dissolving some of its materials | 94 | |
| 8808039339 | Which of the following problems is best addressed with contour plowing | Soil erosion | 95 | |
| 8808039340 | Which of the following is the best example of cogeneration | A coal fired power plant captures waster heat and uses it to heat adjacent buildings | 96 | |
| 8808039341 | Which of the following represents a correct pairing of an ag practice with its environmental consequence | Paddy rice cultivation and methane emissions | 97 | |
| 8808039342 | Small populations of animals such as those typically found on islands are prone to extinction beacuse | they are more vulnerable to unpredictable events | 98 | |
| 8808039343 | In the stratosphere which of the following increases Earths albedo by reflecting solar energy back into space | Carbon dioxide | 99 |
