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| 8373988087 | Federalist | political party created in the 1790s led by Alexander Hamilton, favored a stronger national government - Supported primarily by the bankers and moneyed interests | 0 | |
| 8373988088 | Democratic-Republicans | Political party created in the 1790's - led by Thomas Jefferson - favored limited government and state rights - supported primarily by the "Common man" | 1 | |
| 8373988089 | Election of 1800 | aka Revolution of 1800- election that led to a peaceful transfer of power from the Federalist party to the Democratic Republican Party | 2 | |
| 8373988090 | Hartford Convention, 1814 | meeting of Federalists during the War of 1812 in which anti-war Federalist threatened to secede from the Union - generally viewed by some as treasonous and the Federalist Part began to die out | 3 | |
| 8373988091 | Era of Good Feelings | the decline of the Federalist Party and the end of the war of 1812 gave rise to a time of political cooperation - associated with the presidency of James Monroe | 4 | |
| 8373988092 | Democrats | political party that brought Andrew Jackson into office in 1829 - supported Jeffersonian ideas of limited government, drawing its support from the "common Man" | 5 | |
| 8373988093 | Whig Party | Political Party created in 1834 as a coalition of anti-Jackson political leaders and dedicated to internal improvements funded by the national government | 6 | |
| 8373988094 | Andrew Jackson | Leader of the Democrats who became the seventh president of the US (1829-1837), known for his opposition to the 2nd Bank of the US, the Indian Removal Act, and opposition to nullification | 7 | |
| 8373988095 | Henry Clay | Leader of the Whig Party who proposed an "American System" to make the United States economically self-sufficient - worked to keep the Union together through political compromise | 8 | |
| 8373988096 | South Carolina Nullification Crisis, 1832-1833 | After South Carolina declared the federal tariff null and void, President Jackson obtained a Force Bill to use military actions against South Carolina - ended with a compromise to lower tariffs over an extended time | 9 | |
| 8373988097 | John C. Calhoun | South Carolina political leader who defended slavery as a positive good and advocated the doctrine of nullification, a policy in which state could nullify federal law | 10 | |
| 8373988098 | Midnight Judges | Federalist judges appointed by John Adams between the time he lost the election of 1800 and the time he left office in March 1801 | 11 | |
| 8373988099 | John Marshall | Appointed to the Supreme Court by John Adams in 1801- served as a chief justice until 1835 - legal decisions gave the Supreme Court more power, strengthened the federal government, and protecting private property | 12 | |
| 8373988100 | Cotton Belt | southern region in US where most of the cotton is grown/deep - south area that stretched from South Carolina to Georgia to the new states in the southwest frontier - had the highest concentration of slaves | 13 | |
| 8373988101 | Marbury v. Madison 1803 | Supreme Court that declared a section of Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional and established the principle of judicial review | 14 | |
| 8373988102 | Judicial Review | The power of the Supreme Court to review the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress | 15 | |
| 8373988103 | McCulloch v. Maryland 1819 | Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of the BUS - Maryland did not have the right to tax the federal bank and John Marshall wrote, "The power to tax is the power to destroy." | 16 | |
| 8373988104 | Gibbons v. Ogden 1824 | Supreme Court decision stating that the authority of Congress is absolute in matters of interstate commerce | 17 | |
| 8373988105 | Market Economy | Economic system based on the unregulated buying and selling of goods and services - Prices are determined by the forces of supply and demand | 18 | |
| 8373988106 | Embargo Act 1807 | in order to pressure Britain and France to aspect neutral trading rights, Jefferson issued a government-order ban on international trade - went into effect in 1808 and closed down virtually all U.S. trade with Foreign nations | 19 | |
| 8373988107 | American System 1815 | Henry Clay's proposal to make the U.S. Economically self-sufficient - called for protective tariffs, internal improvements at federal expense, the creation of a second Bank of the United States | 20 | |
| 8373988108 | Panic of 1819 | Financial panic that began when the Second Bank of the US tightened credit and recalled government loans after the price of cotton dropped | 21 | |
| 8373988109 | Debates over the tariff and internal improvements | Northerners generally favored higher tariffs and internal improvements at federal expense while Southerners generally opposed higher tariffs and internal improvements at federal expense | 22 | |
| 8373988110 | Second Bank of the United States 1816 | Privately owned bank that operated as both a commercial and fiscal agent for the US government - established in 1816 under a charter that was supposed to last 20 years | 23 | |
| 8373988111 | Tariff of 1816 | first protective tariff in US history - designed primarily to help America's textile industry | 24 | |
| 8373988112 | Tariff of Abominations 1828 | tariff with such high rates that it set off tension between northerners and southerners over tariff issues | 25 | |
| 8373988113 | Panic of 1837 | Economic collapse caused primarily by President Jackson's destruction of the Second Bank of the United States | 26 | |
| 8373988114 | Southern Defense of Slavery | southerners held a widespread belief that blacks were inferior to whites and that the slavery was good for black - also understood that the southern cotton economy was dependent on slave labor | 27 | |
| 8373988115 | Slave Codes | Laws that established the status of slaves denying them basic rights and classifying them as the property of slaveholders | 28 | |
| 8373988116 | Second Great Awakening | an upsurge in religious activity that began around 1800 and was characterized by emotional revival meetings - led to several reform movements designed to make a life better in this world | 29 | |
| 8373988117 | Charles Finney | Presbyterian minister who is credited and is known as the "Father of modern Revivalism" - advocated the abolition of slavery and equal education for women and African Americans | 30 | |
| 8373988118 | Seneca Falls Convention 1848 | the first convention in America for women right's held in NY | 31 | |
| 8373988119 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Advocate of women right's, including the right to vote -organized (with Lucretia Mott) the first women's rights convention at Seneca Falls, NY | 32 | |
| 8373988120 | Dorothea Dix | Pioneer in the moment for special treatment for the mentally ill | 33 | |
| 8373988121 | Horace Mann | Massachusetts educator who called for publicly funded education for all children | 34 | |
| 8373988122 | Utopian Communities | Idealistic reform movement based on the belief that a perfect society could be created on Earth - Significant Utopian experiments were established at New Harmony, Indiana, Book Farm, Massachusetts and Oneida Community in New York | 35 | |
| 8373988123 | James Forten | African American businessman from Philadelphia who advocated racial integration and equal rights during the Jeffersonian era | 36 | |
| 8373988124 | American Colonization Society 1817 | Organization established to end slavery gradually by helping individual slave owners liberate their slaves and then transport the freed slaves to Africa | 37 | |
| 8373988125 | William Lloyd Garrison | Radical abolitionist in Massachusetts who published the liberator, an antislavery newspaper | 38 | |
| 8373988126 | Sojourner Truth | Former Slave (freed in 1827) who became a leading abolitionist and feminist | 39 | |
| 8373988127 | Frederick Douglass | Former slave who became a significant leader in the abolitionist movement - Known for his great oratorical skills | 40 | |
| 8373988128 | Neoclassicism | Revival in architecture and art in the late 1700s and early 1800s that was inspired by Greek and Roman Models | 41 | |
| 8373988129 | Hudson River School 1825-1875 | The first native school of painting in the US - Attracting artists who were rebelling against neoclassicism - painted primarily landscapes | 42 | |
| 8373988130 | Transcendentalism | Philosophical and literary movement that believed God existed within human being and nature - believed intuition was the highest source of knowledge | 43 | |
| 8373988131 | Ralph Waldo Emerson | Philosopher, writer, and poet who became a central figure in American Transcendentalist | 44 | |
| 8373988132 | Henry David Thoreau | Writer and naturalist - With Ralph Waldo Emerson, he became America's best known transcendentalist | 45 | |
| 8373988133 | John James Audubon | Naturalist and painter who became well-known for his attempt to document all types of American birds | 46 | |
| 8373988134 | Richard Allen | African American minister who established the first independent African American denomination in the US, the African Methodist Episcopalian Church | 47 | |
| 8373988135 | Slave music | Music created by slaves for the purpose of religion, work and recreation - became the foundation for later styles of music known as gospel, jazz, and blues | 48 | |
| 8373988136 | Samuel Slater | known as the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution," - brought British textile technology to the United States | 49 | |
| 8373988137 | John Deere | Invented the steel plow in 1837, which revolutionized farming - the steel plow broke up soil without the soil getting stuck to the plow | 50 | |
| 8373988138 | Lowell system | method of factory management that evolved in the textile mills of Lowell, MA, - owned by the Boston Manufacturing Company and named in honor of the company's founder, Francis Lowell - first example of a planned automated factory | 51 | |
| 8373988139 | Anthracite coal mining | Coal mines in PA produced anthracite, which became the most popular fuel for heating homes in the northern United States until the 1950s when it was replaced by oil and gas burning heating systems | 52 | |
| 8373988140 | Interchangeable parts | Parts that were identical and which could be substituted for one another - developed by Eli Whitney for the manufacturing of muskets | 53 | |
| 8373988141 | Erie Canal 1817-1825 | 350 mile canal built by the state of NY that stretched from Buffalo to Albany, the canal revolutionized shipping in NY | 54 | |
| 8373988142 | Turnpikes | A road in which tolls were collected at gates set up along the road | 55 | |
| 8373988143 | National Road 1811 | aka Cumberland Road- First significant road built in the US at the expense of the federal government - stretched from the Potomac River to the Ohio River | 56 | |
| 8373988144 | Baltimore and Ohio Railroad | First steam railroad commissioned in the US | 57 | |
| 8373988145 | Mason-Dixon Line | boundary between PA and MD that marked the division between free and slave states before the Civil War | 58 | |
| 8373988146 | Cult of Domesticity | the belief that a woman's proper role in life was found in Domestic pursuits (raising children, taking care of the house) | 59 | |
| 8373988147 | Destruction of the Second Bank of the United States 1833 | President Jackson, who thought the Bank of the U.S. represented special interests at the expense of the common man, ordered federal deposits placed in state banks ("pet" banks) to deplete the funds of the national bank | 60 | |
| 8373988148 | Louisiana Purchase 1803 | U.S. purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, doubling the size of the U.S. and giving the U.S. full control of the Mississippi River | 61 | |
| 8373988149 | Lewis and Clark expedition 1804-1806 | Expedition to explore the Louisiana Territory led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark | 62 | |
| 8373988150 | War Hawks | Members of Congress from the West and South elected in 1810 who wanted war with Britain in the hopes of annexing new territory and ending British trade with the Indians of the Northwest | 63 | |
| 8373988151 | War of 1812 | 1812-1815, War between the U.S. and Great Britain caused primarily by the British violation of American neutral rights on the high seas. - ended with an agreement of "status quo ante" (a return to how things were before the war) | 64 | |
| 8373988152 | Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819 | Treaty between the U.S. and Spain that ceded Florida to the U.S | 65 | |
| 8373988153 | Monroe Doctrine 1823 | President Monroe's unilateral declaration that the Americas would be closed to further European colonization stated the U.S. would not allow European interference in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere | 66 | |
| 8373988154 | Annexation of Texas 1845 | Through a joint resolution of Congress, the U.S. annexed and granted statehood to the Republic of Texas, an independent nation that had won its independence from Mexico in 1836 | 67 | |
| 8373988155 | Oregon Treaty 1846 | after years of conflict over ownership of the Pacific Northwest, the U.S. and England established the boundary at 49° latitude | 68 | |
| 8373988156 | Manifest Destiny | Belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across the North American continent | 69 | |
| 8373988157 | Mexican- American War 1846-48 | War caused by a territorial dispute between the U.S. and Mexico that led to Mexico ceding land to the U.S. | 70 | |
| 8373988158 | Mexican Cession, 1848 | The region of the present-day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | 71 | |
| 8373988159 | Chinese trade | In 1844 the US secured a treaty with China that gave the US trading privileges already enjoyed by many other foreign powers | 72 | |
| 8373988160 | Tecumseh | Shawnee leader who established an Indian confederacy that he hoped would be a barrier to white expansion - Defeated at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811 by U.S. forces led by General William Henry Harrison | 73 | |
| 8373988161 | Indian Removal Act, 1830 | Law that provided for the removal of all Indian tribes east of the Mississippi and the purchase of Indian lands for resettlement | 74 | |
| 8373988162 | Worcester v. Georgia 1832 | A Supreme Court ruling that declared a state did not have the power to enforce laws on lands that were not under state jurisdiction - John Marshall wrote that the state of Georgia did not have the power to remove Indians | 75 | |
| 8373988163 | Trail of Tears 1838 | Forced march of the Cherokee people from Georgia to Indian Territory in the winter | 76 | |
| 8373988164 | Seminole Wars 1814-1819, 1835-1842 | The Seminole of Florida opposed removal and resisted US troops | 77 | |
| 8373988165 | Missouri Compromise 1820 | Law proposed by Henry Clay admitting Missouri to the U.S. as a slave state and Maine as a free state | 78 | |
| 8373988166 | American Anti-Slavery Society | Abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison - included Frederick Douglass as a significant leader of the society | 79 |
