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| 9399951423 | Balance of Power | a fragile and fluctuating idea in Europe to maintain peace between competing countries. represented in the alliances. this kept everyone from becoming too powerful and dominating. | 0 | |
| 9399971486 | Triple Alliance | alliance between Germany, Italy and Astro-Hungarian Empire. this alliance was in rivalry with the Triple Entente and it led to the WW1 bc of the accidental assassination of the heir to the Astro-Hun Emp. | 1 | |
| 9399974477 | Triple Entente | alliance between Russia, France and Britain. this alliance was in rivalry with the Triple Alliance and it led to the WW1 bc of the accidental assassination of the heir to the Astro-Hun Emp. | 2 | |
| 9400595060 | Treaty of Versailles | treaty which formally ended WW1 but ultimately led to WW2 bc it was so unfair to Germany. Caused Germany to loose colonies, 15% of land, pay reparations from the war, have military restricted AND had to accept full responsibility for the war. this caused a lot of resentment towards gov in Germany. | 3 | |
| 9400709330 | Import Substitution Industrialization | a set of guidelines set up by the gov to get them to steer away from dependence on exportation of goods. this was to gain more economic independence. this actually resulted in failure because they attempted to improve gov by making actions again the gov. | 4 | |
| 9400793445 | Getulio vergas and Lazaro Cardenas | political leaders in Latin America. Vargas wanted to modernize industry, manufacture trucks/ airplanes etc. he played a part in the failure during the Great Depression by not providing enough for citizens, leading to racism. Cardenas pushed for land reform and was very nationalistic. he favored native works and changed an oil company from American control to theirs. | 5 | |
| 9400864768 | John Maynard Keys | British economist that argued for communism. he argued that the gov wasn't doing anything to effectively help the economy during the Great Depression. he started many ideas that led to revolts/ rebellions against the government. | 6 | |
| 9400944506 | Benito Mussolini | Italian dictator often compared to Hitler. he founded the Black Shirts and promised to end ineffective gov systems. he gave rise to first signs of fascism which revolutionized the world. | 7 | |
| 9400968043 | Weimar Republic | German democratic politicians who negotiated peace among allies. this group accidentally promoted Nazi rule bc they wanted fascism to "fix the system". | 8 | |
| 9400993235 | Kristallnacht | one of the first Nazi invasions which was aimed towards the assassination of Jews. it completely contradicted what Germans believed in and was devastating to the Jewish pop; their homes, hospitals and schools were burned/ ransacked. this event was completely contradictory to the Enlightenment beliefs. | 9 | |
| 9402094838 | manchukuo | the Japanese reaction to growing nationalism/ threat in China. it was the puppet state established in Manchuria, China. this puppet state started in WW2 in Asia because because Japan tried to monopolize China. they were very insecure and threatened. | 10 | |
| 9402129757 | "Asia for Asian" | in an attempt to free Asia from European dominance, Japan sent out troops to scout for resources needed on the Indo-Asian countries. this resulted in a more ruthless Japan and changed the world view of Japan. | 11 | |
| 9402152620 | Rape of Nanjing | hundreds of thousands of Chinese citizens killed, displaced and raped. one of the commonly unknown effects of WW2. this was one of the major turning points in the war, Japan had the upper hand and was winning. | 12 | |
| 9402196524 | Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor | Japans first attack on the US, in response to all disputes. this resulted in the war between Japan and the US, which was not very smart on Japans end. Japan did this because they believed that they would never be able to gain independence without war. | 13 | |
| 9402222943 | Greater Japan Women's Society | women focused on supporting the war with whatever they could, ex) they did volunteer work and put their "extravagant" wants on the back burner. this gained woman move freedom and importance in Japanese society. also showed how Japan was modernizing. | 14 | |
| 9402250216 | Nazi's "Final Solution" | this was the Nazi's plan to "purify" German society and remove/ kill all the Jews. out of this, arose concentration camps and 6 mil Jews perished. this was the first genocide. this was also the first time that Nazi's true ambitions were made clear. | 15 | |
| 9402286422 | united nations | this was meant to replace the league of nations and maintain peace through out all states participating. this organization was meant to prevent another WW from happening. it also helped to rebuild Europe. this is still standing today AND relevant bc certain states pulled out recently (Brexit.) | 16 | |
| 9404992933 | NATO | open to any states in the world. this organization held the US accountable for West Europes protection against the SU. it promoted alliance and trading. this organization also completely contradicts the Warsaw Pact between Poland and the SU. was formed during WW2 when the world was afraid of nuclear war and the USSR. to create equal power. (the marshall plan was part of this; Europe and US) | 17 | |
| 9405038089 | Warsaw Pact | a pact between Poland and the SU/USSR to make alliance. this was used during cold war to further expand communism and fight back against the NATO. *World Communism Revolution | 18 | |
| 9405078525 | Korean and Vietnam War | this war decided countries in half. it was between communism supporters and opposers. this war permanently separated Korea into the communist north and the democratic south. | 19 | |
| 9405080813 | Cuban Missle Crisis | the USSR sent missiles to Cuba aimed towards the US and blamed it on Cuba. it was the closest that the US and SU had ever come to nuclear war. US had missiles in Turkey. | 20 | |
| 9405082808 | Military Industrial Complex | the idea of military taking control of production of guns and car parts in times of conflict this occurred through out the world. | 21 | |
| 9405085917 | Non-allignment | when countries wouldn't sign onto an alliance or pact to remain neutral. Switzerland and Finland stayed neutral during the Cold War. "playing the game" because they got bribes from both sides. | 22 | |
| 9406024264 | Indian National Congress | an association, lead by Ghandi and Nehru, of English-educated Indians who formed a political protest. at first they wanted to be included in political positions bc they believed that they could make better leaders than foreigners. | 23 | |
| 9406052553 | Mohandas Ghandi | a political leader focused on including all Indians in the fight for independence. he sought to end racism and classism. he led the INC and was very respected. he really worked on peaceful change and the changing of peoples views and morals. he did not want a modernized India. he also advocated for women rights. | 24 | |
| 9406079944 | All Indian Muslim League | a segregated political group which contradicted the Congress Party. they wanted separate electorates. the work of this league severely took away rights from the Hindus. | 25 | |
| 9406265602 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | leader of the AIML. he argued that parts of India with more Muslims deserved different political status. he created Pakistan. | 26 | |
| 9406298199 | Afrikaner | politically dominant section of white community who descended from Dutch settlers. they wanted to be known as Afrikaner or "white African" because they weren't planning on moving out of Africa. | 27 | |
| 9406313275 | Nelson Mandela | leader of the ANC, imprisoned by gov. first black president of South Africa. he was inspired by Ghandi and modeled his own activism after Ghandi's and the INC. he was extremely ambitious and was not discouraged by his time prison. he inspired many people to fight for their rights. | 28 | |
| 9406336864 | African National Congress | educated African men who wanted to be seen as equal in society. its leaders used peaceful protest and appealing to christian values to gain support. women were denied membership. inspired by Ghandi and the INC. | 29 | |
| 9406359337 | Apartheid | the policy/system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race. afrikaners sought to discriminate black Africans from job opportunities and equal laws. it made more people aware of racism and want to fight. | 30 | |
| 9406378264 | Black Conscious Movement | a movement to promote pride, unity and political awareness. they emphasized on mobilizing women to fight for their own rights. this movement mainly comprised of young people. they protested the gov. | 31 | |
| 9406969692 | Salvador Allende | Latin American revolutionary leader. he was a physician and politician. he was the first Marxist to become a president of Latin America. | 32 | |
| 9406972240 | Augusto Pinochet | Latin American revolutionary leader. he was a Chilean general and president. he overthrew Allende and held dictatorship over Chile for 17 years from 1973 to 1990. | 33 | |
| 9406990517 | The Brazilian Miracle | a period of exceptional economic growth in Brazil during the rule of the Brazilian military government. | 34 | |
| 9407001443 | Mustafa Kemal Ataurk | a Turkish army officer. he was a revolutionary and founder of the Republic of Turkey. first president of Turkey. he wanted to westernize and secularize Turkey. | 35 | |
| 9407014549 | Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlari | the last shah of Iran, overthrown in the Iranian Revolution. he was very good friends with Nixon and iffy with Carter. he caused the conflict between the Iranian Revolutionaries and the American gov/embassy. this caused the American embassy to be taken over and the American hostages etc. | 36 | |
| 9407051249 | Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini | the revolutionary who began the Iranian Revolution. he fought for equal rights, people supported him. THEN when he got power, he started to turn on the oppressed and started taking rights away from everyone. he quickly lost power. | 37 | |
| 9407061518 | Anthropocene | the "Age of Man". the time when human activity began to take lasting impact on the Earth. when humans started deteriorating the planet. | 38 | |
| 9407065889 | Green Revolution | refers to the technologies invented during this time period which revolutionized the way that plants/food was grown. genetically modified plants were created to fulfill food demands. | 39 | |
| 9407076405 | Global Warming | process by which the toxic gasses polluted into the air by tech. wear down the ozone layer, allowing more sunlight/heat to reach Earth and destroy the nature. | 40 | |
| 9407099699 | Environmentalism | a global movement/phenomenon devoted to creating a better environment, reducing pollution. | 41 | |
| 9407110461 | Rachel Carson, Silent Spring | an article which exposed the chemical contaminations of the environment | 42 | |
| 9407117674 | Kyoto Protocol | international treaty which nations agreed to reduce Greenhouse emissions. | 43 | |
| 9407122082 | globalization | immense growth of international trade which promoted economic boom. this concept promoted the global market and caused it to be in effect in every country. bridging connections and starting relationships between developing countries and industrialized countries. movement of people, tech and culture etc. | 44 | |
| 9407136632 | International Monetary Fund | (IMF) a national set of agreements and policies put into place to hopefully avoid another "Great Depression" type of era. this marked the turn from WW era into post war era with economic developments and process. | 45 | |
| 9407145202 | Transnational Corporations | (TNC) businesses which are employed by America/Europe to make goods for cheaper. Through this, America was able to establish dominance over other countries and essentially make money from them and countries they sold to, cheating. headquarters in one country and operations in others. | 46 | |
| 9407157345 | World Trade Organization | (WTO) the international "council" which negotiated and established rules regarding trade and global economies. they promoted free trade and were very controversial. | 47 | |
| 9407162985 | feminism | The social movements for better woman's rights and equality. They also addressed many other issues surrounding racism, sexism and classism. This has continued into current times and is significant because it jumpstarted the fight/race for equality for everyone across the world. | 48 | |
| 9407165484 | Betty Friedarls, "The Feminism Mystique" | an influential book that confronted and exposed the inequalities facing women of different classes, races etc. This started the conversation about women's rights and helped bring awareness, support and sympathy to the female struggle. | 49 | |
| 9407165485 | Fundamentalism | The religious fight back versus Scientific reasoning in culture. They wanted to go back to fundamental religious values and ultimately rejected modernity and gained many followers/political power. (repub.) (modern vs. traditional) | 50 | |
| 9407166539 | Wahhabism | A conservative and intolerant form of Islam that is practiced in Saudi Arabia. early Islamic renewal movements. They were focused on restoring the Muslim society and making it more traditional. | 51 | |
| 9414362893 | militarism | KEY CONCEPT> political ideology. the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests. | 52 | |
| 9414374966 | nationalism | KEY CONCEPT> strong pride in ones country or government. usually results in racism towards immigrants. can be good for a country and unify it or can rip it apart (partition, pakistan vs india) | 53 | |
| 9414374989 | marxism | KEY CONCEPT> the belief/theory that societies have to go through multiple revolutions to achieve communism and that it was a process and built up off of each other. political and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, later developed by their followers to form the basis for the theory and practice of communism. lennon and mao followed his beliefs. | 54 | |
| 9414377673 | communism | KEY CONCEPT> a state planned economy that ultimately led to the end of a secular gov. was carried out differently due to different interpretations. | 55 | |
| 9414380957 | capitalism | KEY CONCEPT> | 56 | |
| 9414386830 | industrialization | KEY CONCEPT> | 57 | |
| 9414386831 | socialism | KEY CONCEPT> | 58 | |
| 9414388746 | environmentalism | KEY CONCEPT> | 59 | |
| 9414388747 | self determination | KEY CONCEPT> autonomous countries (South Africa, basically all Global South). The US and the USSR wanted them (colonies/ small countries) to "self determine" their capitalism or communism. CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS. | 60 | |
| 9414393076 | globalization | KEY CONCEPT> the spread of world trade and communication. this led to MASSIVE economic growth and the inclusion of 3rd world countries into the political and economic sphere. it was caused by the tech advance of the Modern Era, specifically the modes of communication. | 61 | |
| 9414393077 | cold war | KEY CONCEPT> | 62 | |
| 9414395710 | neocolonialism | KEY CONCEPT> economic dependency country on a core nation. In terms of the Cold War. The US thinks that LA is gonna become socialist/ socialist revolution, SOOO they send money to fund a gov to suppress this. Latin America kisses Americas ass. LA produces products and America dominates the export. | 63 | |
| 9414395711 | neoliberalism | KEY CONCEPT> world economy dominated by private industry, gov does not regulate. | 64 |
