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| 5810376130 | African National Congress | An organization dedicated to obtaining equal voting and civil rights for black inhabitants of South Africa. Founded in 1912 as the South African Native National Congress, it changed its name in 1923. Eventually brought greater equality. |  | 0 |
| 5810388732 | Apartheid | A social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against non-whites. This system of legalized racial segregation was enforced by the National Party government in South Africa between 1948 and 1994, under which the rights of the majority black inhabitants of South Africa were curtailed and minority rule by whites was maintained. | 1 | |
| 6495811652 | Ayatollah Khomeini | Shi'ite philosopher and cleric who led the overthrow of the shah of Iran in 1979 and created an Islamic Republic of Iran. He ordered the invasion of the US Embassy and the taking and holding of American hostages. | 2 | |
| 6495825422 | Cultural Revolution | Campaign in China ordered by Mao Zedong to purge the Communist Party of his opponents and instill revolutionary values in the younger generation. | 3 | |
| 6495829670 | Deng Xiaoping | Communist Party leader who seen as responsible for Chinese economic reforms after the death of Mao Zedong in 1976. | 4 | |
| 6495832633 | Dirty War | War waged by the Argentine military (1976-1982) against leftist groups. Characterized by the use of illegal imprisonment, torture, and executions by the military | 5 | |
| 6495837150 | Domino Theory | The US theory that stated, if one country would fall to Communism then they all would. | 6 | |
| 6495840702 | Eva Peron | Wife of Juan Peron and champion of the poor in Argentina. She was a gifted speaker and popular political leader who campaigned to improve the life of the urban poor by founding schools and hospitals and providing other social benefits. | 7 | |
| 6495844323 | Gamal Abdel Nasser | He led the coup which toppled the monarchy of King Farouk and started a new period of modernization and socialist reform in Egypt | 8 | |
| 6495847992 | Geneva Conference AKA Geneva Peace Conference | A conference between many countries that agreed to end hostilities and restore peace in French Indochina and Vietnam. | 9 | |
| 6495856270 | Great Leap Forward | Economic and social plan used in China from 1958 to 1961 which aimed to use China's vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern industrial society. Started by Mao Zedong, this effort combined collective farms into People's Communes, but it failed because there was no incentive to work harder, ended after 2 years. | 10 | |
| 6496087133 | Green Revolution | The worldwide campaign to increase agricultural production from the 1940s to 60s, stimulated by new fertilizers and strains of wheat such as that by Norman Borlaug. The movement saved millions from starvation. | 11 | |
| 6496091817 | Gulf War | A dispute over control of the waterway between Iraq and Iran broke out into open fighting in 1980 and continued until 1988, when they accepted a UN cease-fire resolution. | 12 | |
| 6496106424 | Hebrews | Early group of people who lived in lands between Mesopotamia and Egypt. They developed the religion Judaism, practiced by Jews. This ethnic group claims descent from Abraham and Isaac (especially from Isaac's son Jacob). Their scripture is collection of sacred books containing diverse materials concerning the origins, experiences, beliefs, and practices of the early Hebrew people. Most of the extant text was compiled by members of the priestly class in the fifth century B.C.E. The Talmud is the collection of Jewish rabbinic discussion pertaining to law, ethics, and tradition consisting of the Mishnah and the Gemara. Formed the Jewish state of Israel on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean, both in antiquity and again founded in 1948 after centuries of Jewish diaspora. | 13 | |
| 6496112669 | Israel | Formed by the Hebrews, an early group of people who lived in lands between Mesopotamia and Egypt, whose religion was Judaism. It is a Jewish state found on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean, both in antiquity and again founded in 1948 after centuries of Jewish diaspora. | 14 | |
| 6496120860 | Juan Peron | President of Argentina (1946-1955, 1973-1974). As a military officer, he championed the rights of labor. Aided by his wife Eva Duarte Peron, he was elected president in 1946. He built up Argentinean industry, became very popular among the urban poor. | 15 | |
| 6496126116 | NATO | Alliance of the allied powers against the Soviets. This organization formed in 1949 as a military alliance of western European and North American states against the Soviet Union and its east European allies. (See also Warsaw Pact.) | 16 | |
| 6496145683 | Nehru | Indian statesman. He succeeded Mohandas K. Gandhi as leader of the Indian National Congress. He negotiated the end of British colonial rule in India and became India's first prime minister (1947-1964). | 17 | |
| 6496150527 | nonaligned | During the Cold War, countries who did not want to support either side sometimes declared themselves to be. | 18 | |
| 6496153560 | Red Guards | the Radical youth of the Cultural Revolution in China starting in 1966. Often wore red armbands and carried Mao's Little Red Book. | 19 | |
| 6496158200 | Saddam Hussein | President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003, he regularly waged war to gain land and resources as well as funded terrorists. Hussein was a dictator who tried to take over Iran by waging war on them from 1980-1988 (fought to a draw). In 1990 he ordered an invasion of Kuwait but was defeated by United States and its allies in the Gulf War (1991). After the Gulf War, he also refused to let the UN into Iraq in order to check if the country was secretly holding weapons of mass destruction. After 9/11, he was defeated and deposed by a U.S. led invasion in 2003. | 20 | |
| 6496236273 | Sandinista | Members of a leftist coalition that overthrew the Nicaraguan dictatorship of Anastasia Somoza in 1979 and attempted to install a socialist economy. The United States financed armed opposition by the Contras, .sometimes covertly as in the case of the Iran-Contra Affair. They lost national elections in 1990. | 21 | |
| 6496255912 | Tiananmen Square | Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with many deaths. | 22 | |
| 6496257180 | Vietnam War | A prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the non-communist armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States. | 23 | |
| 6496263403 | Zionism | A Jewish movement starting in the 1800s that resulted in the migration of Jews back to Palestine, who had been dispersed by the Romans from their homeland of antiquity. It lead to a policy of the re-development and the re-establishment of the antiquity state of Israel in 1948 as a national homeland for the Jews. | 24 | |
| 9472625405 | Mohandas Gandhi | Political and spiritual leader during India's struggle with Great Britain for home rule | 25 | |
| 9472625406 | Ho Chi Minh | A Vietnamese revolutionary leader of the twentieth century | 26 | |
| 9472625407 | Geneva Conference | Conference intended to settle outstanding issues resulting from the Korean War and the First Indochina War | 27 | |
| 9472625408 | Domino Theory | The theory that a political event in one country will cause similar events in neighboring countries | 28 | |
| 9472625409 | Suez Canal | An artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt | 29 | |
| 9472625410 | Palestine | Historic region on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, comprising parts of modern Israel, Jordan, and Egypt | 30 | |
| 9472625411 | Israel & its creation | The defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, the British assumed control of Palestine | 31 | |
| 9472625412 | Intifada | The Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, beginning in 1987 | 32 | |
| 9472625413 | Suez Crisis | A major international incident that arose in 1956 from the decision by Gamal A. Nasser of Egypt to nationalize the SuezCanal | 33 | |
| 9472625414 | Frantz Fanon | A Martinican psychiatrist, philosopher, revolutionary, and writer | 34 | |
| 9472625415 | Black African nationalism | A political movement for the unification of Africa and for national self-determination | 35 | |
| 9472625416 | Negritude movement | Literary movement that began among French-speaking African and Caribbean writers living in Paris as a protest against French colonial rule and the policy of assimilation | 36 | |
| 9472625417 | Decolonization | The act of getting rid of colonization, or freeing a country from being dependent on another country | 37 | |
| 9472625418 | Ghana | A nation on West Africa's Gulf of Guinea, is known for diverse wildlife, old forts and secluded beaches | 38 | |
| 9472625419 | Kenya Rebellion | A revolt against colonial rule in Kenya, lasted from 1952 through 1960 and helped to hasten Kenya's independence | 39 | |
| 9472625420 | Apartheid | A policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race | 40 | |
| 9472625421 | Nelson Mandela | South African statesman who was released from prison to become the nation's first democratically elected president in 1994 | 41 | |
| 9472625422 | Mao Zedong | Chinese Communist leader and theorist | 42 | |
| 9472625423 | Great Leap Forward | An effort made by the Communist Party of China under the leadership of Mao Zedong to transform China into a society capable of competing with other Western industrialized nations | 43 | |
| 9472625424 | Cultural Revolution | A chaotic mass movement in the People's Republic of China | 44 | |
| 9472625425 | Deng's Revolution | A Chinese revolutionary and politician | 45 | |
| 9472625426 | Tiananmen Square | The June Fourth Incident, were student-led demonstrations in Beijing | 46 | |
| 9472625427 | Indira Gandhi | Indian stateswoman, prime minister 1966-77 and 1980-84 | 47 | |
| 9472625428 | Sharia (Islamic) Law | The religious law forming part of the Islamictradition | 48 | |
| 9472625429 | Jihad | A struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam | 49 | |
| 9472625430 | Iranian Revolution | The 1979 overthrow of Iran'smonarchy and the establishment of an Islamic Republic | 50 | |
| 9472625431 | Iran-Iraq War | The war fought by Iran and Iraq, following the Iraqi invasion of disputed border territory in Iran | 51 | |
| 9472625432 | Ayatollah Khamenei | An Iranian Shia Muslim religious leader and politician | 52 | |
| 9472625433 | Mahmoud Ahmadinejad | An Iranian politician who was the sixth President of Iran from 2005 to 2013 | 53 | |
| 9472625434 | Dependency Theory | The notion that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and underdeveloped states to a "core" of wealthy states | 54 |
