Created by Matthew Piccolella
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| 7976463624 | Sectionalism | loyalty to a particular region, led to the Civil War | 0 | |
| 7976463625 | The North | consisted of NE and Old NW, bound together by improved transportation and a high economic growth rate based on commercial farming and industrial innovation, vast majority still involved in AGRICULTURE, most populous, high birthrate and immigration | 1 | |
| 7976463626 | Northeast | consisted of New England and the Middle Atlantic States | 2 | |
| 7976463627 | Old Northwest | stretched from Ohio to Minnesota | 3 | |
| 7976463628 | Industrial Northeast | this region had initially centered on the textile industry, but by the 1830s it was producing many different products | 4 | |
| 7976463629 | Organized Labor | industrial development led many people to be dependent on factory owners for wages, problems of low pay, long hours, and unsafe working conditions led them to organize, first US labor party in 1828 in Philadelphia elected a few members to city council | 5 | |
| 7976463631 | Labor Problems | despite union efforts, workers were limited by periodic depressions, employers and courts that were hostile, and an abundant supply of cheap immigrant labor | 6 | |
| 7976463632 | Urban Life | 1850 comprised 15% of total population, cities like Boston and Baltimore grew, slums expanded, crowded housing, poor sanitation, infectious diseases, high crime rates, despite these problems, new opportunities still brought immigrants | 7 | |
| 7976463633 | African Americans | 250,000 African Americans lived in the North in 1860, only 1%, represented 50% of all free blacks, could maintain a family and sometimes own land, but they didn't have equality because of prejudices that prevented them from voting and holding jobs, brought in as strikebreakers | 8 | |
| 7976463636 | John Deere | invented the steel plow | 9 | |
| 7976463639 | Immigration | by 1832, immigration grew drastically, 4 million new arrivals in 20 year period, arrived in Boston, NY, or Philly, few journeyed to the South, many stayed where they land, strengthened the US economy by providing a steady stream of cheap labor and increased demand | 10 | |
| 7976463640 | Reasons for Immigration | development of inexpensive and rapid ocean transportation, famines and revolutions in Europe, growing reputation of America as a land of opportunity and freedom | 11 | |
| 7976463641 | Irish | half of the immigrants, mostly tenant farmers driven to US by potato famine, had limited interest in farming and little money, discriminated against as Roman Catholics, congregated for mutual support in North, entered politics, joined the Democratic party | 12 | |
| 7976463643 | Germans | economic hardships and failure of democratic revolutions caused 1 million to seek refuge in US, most had moderate skills as farmers and artisans, moved westward in search of cheap farmland, established Homesteads, generally prospered, slowly became more active in public life, supporters of public education and opponents of slavery | 13 | |
| 7976463644 | Nativists | many native-born Americans feared the new immigrants would take their jobs and weaken the Anglo culture, Protestants who distrusted the Roman Catholicism and Germans, rioting and formation of a new party, faded in importance as the Civil War approached | 14 | |
| 7976463645 | Know-Nothing Party | nativist party preceded by the nativist movement in the 1840s, Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner | 15 | |
| 7976463646 | Th South | distinct region that permitted slavery, including border states who didn't join the confederacy | 16 | |
| 7976463648 | King Cotton | development of textile mills, Whitney's cotton gin made cotton cloth affordable, Britain depended on South's cotton to run its mills, moved west into new states, depleted the soil, provided 2/3 of all US exports | 17 | |
| 7976463650 | Peculiar Institution | uneasiness with the fact that slaves were human beings and the need continually to defend slavery, colonial times had been justified as economic necessity, 19th century argued it was beneficial for both | 18 | |
| 7976463651 | Slave Population | cotton boom led to fourfold increase in the number of slaves, 4 million in 1860, most came from natural reproduction, though many had been smuggled in, 75% of population led legislatures to increase slave codes to prevent rebellion | 19 | |
| 7976463653 | Slave Life | conditions varied from plantation to plantation, some were treated humanely, others routinely beaten, all had been deprived of freedom, families could be separated, vulnerable to sexual exploitation, African Americans managed to maintain a strong sense of family and religious faith | 20 | |
| 7976463654 | Resistance | slaves contested their status using work slowdowns, sabotage, escape, and revolt, a few major slave uprisings, revolts were quickly suppressed, had a lasting impact, gave hope to enslaved African Americans, drove southern states to tighten slave codes, demonstrated the evils of lave | 21 | |
| 7976463657 | Free African Americans | 250,000 in South, many slaves were emancipated during American Revolution, others were mulatto children, others through self-purchase who were paid wages for extra work, most lived in cities they they could own property, were not equal, were not permitted to vote, barred from certain occupation, had to show legal papers proving their free status | 22 | |
| 7976463658 | Free Blacks in South | remained there, some wanted to be near family members who were in bondage, others believed the South to be home and the North to offer no greater opportunities | 23 | |
| 7976463659 | Aristocracy | person usually had to own at least 100 slaves and farm at least 1000 acres, maintained political power by dominating state legislatures of the South and enacting laws that favored the large landholders' economic interests | 24 | |
| 7976463660 | Farmers | vast majority of slaveholders had fewer than 20 slaves working several hundred acres, produced bulk of the cotton crop, worked in the fields with their slaves, lived as modestly as Northern farmers | 25 | |
| 7976463661 | Poor Whites | 3/4 owned no slaves, could not afford river-bottom land, many lived as subsistence farmers | 26 | |
| 7976463662 | Hillbillies | poor whites who lived in hills as subsistence farmers, defended the slave system, thinking they could own slaves one day and be superior | 27 | |
| 7976463663 | Mountain People | small number of farmers lived in isolation from the rest, slopes of Appalachian and Ozark mountains, disliked planters and their slaves, many would remain loyal to the Union | 28 | |
| 7976463665 | Southern Thought | south developed a culture uniquely its own, slavery became the basis of its political thought, other nations began to grow hostile toward it | 29 | |
| 7976463666 | Code of Chivalry | agricultural South was a largely feudal society, a strong sense of personal honor, the defense of womanhood, the paternalistic treatment of all who were deemed inferior | 30 | |
| 7976463667 | Education | upper class valued a college education for their children, more than North did, acceptable professions were farming, law, ministry, and military, lower classes schooling beyond grade school was not a possibility, to avoid slave revolts slaves weren't given any education | 31 | |
| 7976463668 | Religion | slavery question affected church membership, Methodist and Baptist churches gained in membership while splitting with Northern counterparts, Unitarians challenged slavery and faced declining numbers, Catholics and Episcopalians declined | 32 | |
| 7976463669 | The West | changing definition as the result of increased expansion, consisted of California and Oregon in the 1800s | 33 | |
| 7976463671 | Native American Exodus | 1850s vast majority were living west of Mississippi River, those in east had been killed off, emigrated reluctantly, been forced to leave their land by treaty or military action, Great Plains provided little relief | 34 | |
| 7976463672 | Life on the Plains | horses proved to be a revolutionary benefit, allowed many groups like the Cheyenne and Sioux to become nomadic herders following the buffalo, could more easily avoid advancing settlers, etc. | 35 | |
| 7976463673 | The Frontier | concept remained same across generations, movement represented a fresh start and new opportunities waiting, place promising greater freedom for ethnic groups | 36 | |
| 7976463675 | White Settlers on Frontier | life for white settlers was similar to that of early colonists, worked hard from sunrise to sunset, lived in log cabins and other improvised shelters, more died at an early age from disease and malnutrition | 37 | |
| 7976463676 | Women in West | performed a myriad of tasks, doctor, teacher, seamstress, cook, chief assistant in the fields, isolation, endless work, rigors of childbirth meant limited lifespan | 38 | |
| 7976463677 | Environmental Damage | settlers wold clear entire forests, had exhausted soil after only 2 generations with poor farming methods, trappers and hunters decimated beaver and buffalo populations | 39 |
