AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 19 The Politics of the Gilded Age, 1877-1900
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| 5863567864 | laissez-faire economics and politics | The idea that government should do little to interfer with the free market. (p. 380) |  | 0 |
| 5863567865 | divided electorate | In the late 1800s, Republicans kept memories of the Civil War alive to remind war veterans of the pain caused by the Southern Democrats. Democrats could count on winning every former Confederate state. (p. 381) |  | 1 |
| 5863567866 | identity politics | Political activity and ideas based on the shared experiences of an ethnic, religious, or social group emphasizing gaining power and benefits for the group rather than pursuing ideological goals. (p. 381) |  | 2 |
| 5863567867 | "Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion" | In the 1884 election, the Democratic party was labeled with this phrase. (p. 383) |  | 3 |
| 5863567868 | close elections | National elections between 1856 and 1912, were very evenly matched. The objective was to get out the vote and not alienate voters on the issues. (p. 381) |  | 4 |
| 5863567869 | divided government | Governance divided between the parties, as when one party holds the presidency and the other party controls one or both houses of Congress. (p. 381) |  | 5 |
| 5863567870 | weak presidents | The Gilded Age presidents were not memorable and only served one term. (p. 380) |  | 6 |
| 5863567871 | patronage politics | The use of government resources to reward individuals for their electoral support. (p. 381) |  | 7 |
| 5863567872 | corrupt politicians | Party patronage, the process of providing jobs to faithful party members was more important than policy issues during the Gilded Age. (p. 381) |  | 8 |
| 5863567873 | Union veterans, "bloody shirt" | A form of politics that involved reminding Union veterans of how the Southern Democrats had caused the Civil War. (p. 381) |  | 9 |
| 5863567874 | Whig past, pro-business | Republicans followed the tradition of Hamilton and the Whigs, supporting a pro-business economic program of high protective tariffs. (p. 381) |  | 10 |
| 5863567875 | Hamiltonian tradition | The Hamilton tradition supported a strong central government. (p. 381) |  | 11 |
| 5863567876 | social reformers, temperance | The core of Republican support came from middle-class Anglo-Saxon Protestants who supported temperance or prohibition, along with business men. (p. 381) |  | 12 |
| 5863567877 | Anglo-Saxon heritage | Most supported Republicans and temperance or prohibition. (p. 381) |  | 13 |
| 5863567878 | Protestant religion | These religious groups usually supported Republicans. (p. 381) |  | 14 |
| 5863567879 | African Americans | Around 1890, a bill to protect voting rights of African Americans passed the House but was defeated in the Senate. (p. 386) |  | 15 |
| 5863567880 | former Confederacy, "Solid South" | From 1877 until the 1950s, the Democrats could count on winning every election here. (p. 381) |  | 16 |
| 5863567881 | states rights, limited government | Democrats of the Gilded Age were in favor of these ideas. (p. 381) |  | 17 |
| 5863567882 | Jeffersonian tradition | Democrats of the Gilded Age followed this tradition, which included states rights and limited government. (p. 381) |  | 18 |
| 5863567883 | big-city political machines | In the North, one source of Democratic strength came from big-city political machines. (p. 381) |  | 19 |
| 5863567884 | immigrant vote | In the North, one source of Democratic strength came from the immigrant vote. (p. 381) | | 20 |
| 5863567885 | against prohibition | The Catholics, Lutherans, and Jews were generally against this policy. (p. 381) |  | 21 |
| 5863567886 | Catholics, Luterans, Jews | Democrats were usually from these religions and they were against temperance and prohibition campaigns. (p. 381) |  | 22 |
| 5863567887 | federal government jobs | During the Gilded Age, these jobs were given to those who were loyal their political party. (p. 381) |  | 23 |
| 5863567888 | Stalwarts, Halfbreeds, and Mugwumps | Groups which competed for lucrative jobs in the patronage system. (p. 381) |  | 24 |
| 5863567889 | Election of 1880 | In 1880, James A. Garfield was elected president in a very close election. His vice president was Chester A. Arthur. (p. 382) |  | 25 |
| 5863567890 | assassination of James Garfield | President James Garfield was shot while preparing to board a train. He died after an 11 week struggle. (p. 383) |  | 26 |
| 5863567891 | Chester A. Arthur | He became president after James Garfield died of a gun shot wound. (p. 383) |  | 27 |
| 5863567892 | Pendleton Act of 1881 | Set up by the Civil Service Commission, it created a system where federal jobs were awarded based on competitive exams. (p. 384) |  | 28 |
| 5863567893 | civil service reform | Public outrage over the assassination of President Garfield pushed Congress to remove some jobs from control of party patronage. (p. 384) |  | 29 |
| 5863567894 | election of 1884 | Grover Cleveland won the 1884 presidential election. (p. 383) | | 30 |
| 5863567895 | Grover Cleveland | In 1884, he was elected president of the United States. He was the first Democratic president since 1856. (p. 383) |  | 31 |
| 5863567896 | high tariff | In the 1890s, tariffs provided more than half of the federal revenue. Some Democrats objected to the tariffs because the raised the price on consumer goods and made it for difficult for farmers to sell to export because foreign countries enacted their own tariffs. (p. 385) |  | 32 |
| 5863567897 | business vs. consumers | Some people objected to the high tariffs because the raised the prices on consumer goods. (p. 385) |  | 33 |
| 5863567898 | Cleveland threatens lower tariff | Toward the end of Grover Cleveland's first term he urged Congress to lower the tariff rates. (p. 385) |  | 34 |
| 5863567899 | McKinley Tariff of 1890 | In 1890, this tariff raised the tax on foreign products to a peacetime high of 48 percent. (p 386) |  | 35 |
| 5863567900 | Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894 | This tariff provided a moderate reduction in tariff rates and levied a 2 percent income tax. (p. 388) |  | 36 |
| 5863567901 | Dingley Tariff of 1897 | Increased the tariff rate to more than 46 percent and made gold the official standard of U.S. currency. (p. 390) |  | 37 |
| 5863567902 | "hard" money vs. "soft" money | Money backed by gold vs. paper money not backed by specie (gold or silver). (p. 384) |  | 38 |
| 5863567903 | banks, creditors vs. debtors | Debtors wanted more "easy, soft" money in circulation. On the opposite side creditors stood for "hard, sound" money - meaning currency backed by gold. (p. 384) |  | 39 |
| 5863567904 | Panic of 1873, "Crime of 73" | Congress stopped making silver coins. (p. 385) |  | 40 |
| 5863567905 | Specie Resumption Act of 1875 | Congress sided with creditors and investors when it passed this act which withdrew all greenbacks (paper money not backed by gold or silver) from circulation. (p. 385) |  | 41 |
| 5863567906 | Greenback party | This political party was formed by supporters of paper money not backed by gold or silver. (p. 384) |  | 42 |
| 5863567907 | James B. Weaver | In 1892, he was the Populist candidate for president. He is one of the few third party candidates in history to have ever won any electoral votes. (p. 387) |  | 43 |
| 5863567908 | Bland-Allison Act of 1878 | In 1878, this act allowed a limited coinage of silver each month at the standard silver-to-gold ratio of 16 to 1. (p. 385) |  | 44 |
| 5863567909 | Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 | This act increased the coinage of silver but it was not enough to satisfy the farmers and miners. (p. 386) | | 45 |
| 5863567910 | run on gold reserves, J.P. Morgan bail out | A decline in silver prices encouraged investors to trade their silver dollars for gold dollars. The gold reserve fell dangerously low and President Grover Cleveland was forced to repeal the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890. The president then turned to J.P. Morgan to borrow $65 million in gold to support the dollar and the gold standard. (p. 387) |  | 46 |
| 5863567911 | repeal of Sherman Silver Purchase Act | A decline in silver prices encouraged investors to trade their silver dollars for gold dollars. The gold reserve fell dangerously low and President Grover Cleveland was forced to repeal the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890. (p. 387) |  | 47 |
| 5863567912 | election of 1888, Harrison "Billion Dollar Congress" | In 1888, the Republican Benjamin Harrison became the president and the Republicans controlled Congress. They passed the first billion dollar budget in U.S. history. (p. 386) |  | 48 |
| 5863567913 | rise of the Populist Party | In 1892, delegates met in Omaha, Nebraska to draft a political platform that would reduce the power of trusts and bankers. They nominated James Weaver as their candidate for president. (p. 386) |  | 49 |
| 5863567914 | Farmers' Alliances in South and West | In 1890, this group of discontented farmers elected senators, representatives, governors, and majorities in state legislatures in the West. (p. 386) |  | 50 |
| 5863567915 | Alliance of whites and blacks in South | The Populist party tried to form a political alliance with these poor farmers. (p. 387) |  | 51 |
| 5863567916 | Thomas Watson | He was from Georgia and he appealed to poor farmers of both races to join the Populists party. (p. 387) |  | 52 |
| 5863567917 | reformers vs. rasism in South | In the presidential election of 1892, Southern Democrats feared the Populist party and used every technique possible to keep blacks from voting. (p. 387) |  | 53 |
| 5863567918 | Omaha Platform | In 1892, the Populist party met in Omaha, Nebraska to draft this political platform and nominate a presidential candidate. (p 386) | | 54 |
| 5863567919 | government regulation and ownership | The Populist movement attacked laissez-faire capitalism and attempted to form a political alliance between poor whites and poor blacks. (p. 387) |  | 55 |
| 5863567920 | election of 1892, Cleveland returns | The 1892 presidential election was between President Benjamin Harrison and former president Grover Cleveland. Cleveland became the only president to win a presidential election after having left the office. (p. 387) |  | 56 |
| 5863567921 | Panic of 1893 | In 1893, the stock market crashed as a result of speculation in railroad companies. One of the worst and longest depressions in U.S. history. (p. 387) |  | 57 |
| 5863567922 | Coxey's Army, March on Washington | In 1894, Populist Jacob A. Coxey led a march to Washington to demand that the federal government spend $500 million on public works programs. (p. 388) |  | 58 |
| 5863567923 | Coin's Financial School | In 1894, this book taught Americans that unlimited silver coining would end the economic problems. (p. 388) |  | 59 |
| 5863567924 | William Jennings Bryan | The 1896 Democratic nominee for president. (p. 388) |  | 60 |
| 5863567925 | "Cross of Gold" Speech | William Jennings Bryan gave this speech at the 1896 Democratic convention. The prosilver and anti-gold speech assured him of the nomination. (p. 389) |  | 61 |
| 5863567926 | fusion of Democrats and Populists | In the 1896 presidential election the Democrats and Populists both nominated William Jennings Bryan for president in fused campaign. (p. 389) |  | 62 |
| 5863567927 | unlimited coinage of silver at 16 to 1 | In 1896, the Democrats favored silver coinage at this traditional but inflationary rate. (p. 389) |  | 63 |
| 5863567928 | "Gold Bug" Demorats | Democrats who favored gold. (p. 389) |  | 64 |
| 5863567929 | Mark Hanna, Money and mass media | A master of high-finance politics, he managed William McKinley's winning presidential campaign by focusing on getting favorable publicity in newspapers. (p. 390) |  | 65 |
| 5863567930 | McKinley victory | William McKinley won the presidential election of 1896 by carrying the all the Northeast and the upper Midwest. (p. 389) |  | 66 |
| 5863567931 | gold standard and higher tariff | In 1897, William McKinley became president just as gold discoveries in Alaska increased the money supply under the gold standard. The Dingley Tariff increased the tariff rate to 46 percent. (p. 390) |  | 67 |
| 5863567932 | rise of modern urban industrial society | The 1896 election was a victory for big business, urban centers, conservative economics, and moderate middle-class values. Rural America lost its dominance of American politics. (p. 390) |  | 68 |
| 5863567933 | decline of traditional rural-agricultual | The 1896 election marked the point of decline of rural America's power in national politics. (p. 390) |  | 69 |
| 5863567934 | start of the modern presidency | William McKinley emerged as the first modern president, he would make America an important country in international affairs. (p. 390) |  | 70 |
| 5863567935 | era of Republican dominance | The election of McKinley in 1896 started an era of Republican dominance of the presidency (seven of next nine elections) and Congress. (p. 390) |  | 71 |
