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| 5721218777 | Christopher Columbus | An Italian explorer who sailed on behalf of the Spanish Queen Isabella. In search for trade routes across the Atlantic to Asia, he sailed in 1492 on three ships (Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria) and instead of landing in Asia he reached islands in the Caribbean. | 0 | |
| 5721218778 | Meso-Americans | Organized native societies that occupied much of what is now Mexico and Central America. These civilizations included the Olmec people, the Aztecs and the Mayans. The culture of these societies had established religions, calendars, languages and numeric systems. | 1 | |
| 5721218779 | Encomienda | System used by the Spanish in the New Mexico Region of North America. Encomiendas were licenses issued by the Spanish to exact labor and tribute from the native population. This forced labor system would later lead to an unstable relationship with the local native population and resulted in numerous revolts from the Pueblo tribes in the region. | 2 | |
| 5721218780 | Corn (Maize) Cultivation | North American Native societies that developed around agriculture and the cultivation of crops such as corn led to sedentary settlements. This was especially true with the Pueblo tribes that built densely populated settlements that resembled large apartment buildings. | 3 | |
| 5721218781 | Roanoke | The "Lost Colony" of Roanoke was one of the first attempts by England to establish a permanent colony in North America. Sir Walter Raleigh secured the grant for the colony from Queen Elizabeth but the colony only lasted a few years and in 1590 the colony was found deserted. | 4 | |
| 5721218782 | Jamestown | The first permanent English settlement in North America. In 1607 the colony of Jamestown was established along the James River and the Chesapeake Bay. After few years of very rough conditions known as the "starving time", John Smith is credited with saving the colony by mandating work and order. The colony began to thrive once John Rolfe introduced tobacco cultivation to the Virginia colony. | 5 | |
| 5721218783 | Chesapeake Region | Virginia (established at Jamestown in 1607) and Maryland (established by the Calverts.) | 6 | |
| 5721218784 | Mercantilism | Economic belief that the nation as a whole, not the individual, was the principal actor in the economy. In a mercantile economic system everything is set up in order to benefit the "mother" country and belief was that one nation could grow rich only at the expense of another nation. This economic belief led to the growth of European colonization and expansion of empires to extract as much wealth and resources from foreign lands as possible. | 7 | |
| 5721218785 | Virginia House of Burgesses | First meeting of elected legislature in what would become the United States. The meeting occurred on July 30, 1619 in the Jamestown Church. | 8 | |
| 5721218786 | Theocracy | A society in which the line between the church and the state government was hard to see. | 9 | |
| 5721218787 | Enlightenment Ideals | Suggested that people had substantial control over their own lives and the course of societies. This movement stressed the importance of science and human reason. | 10 | |
| 5721218788 | Indentured Servitude | In return for passage to the New World, young men and women bound themselves to a master for a period of servitude (usually about 4-5 years). | 11 | |
| 5721218789 | John Locke | English philosopher and writer who was an influential writer and thinker in the Enlightenment movement. His writings greatly influenced colonial ideas about political thought. | 12 | |
| 5721218790 | Primogeniture | English tradition of passing all inherited property to the firstborn son. This did not take root in New England and fathers divided their land among all of their sons. | 13 | |
| 5721218791 | Triangular Trade | Complex pattern of trade between Europe, North America and the west coast of Africa. It involved rum, slaves and sugar but also included numerous other products shipped across the Atlantic. | 14 | |
| 5721218792 | Massachusetts Bay Company | A group of Puritans merchants who organized an enterprise designed to take advantage of economic opportunities in America. Obtained a land grant in New England which became a haven for Puritans. In 1630, 1,000 Puritans (mostly families) migrated to New England in a move known as the "Great Migration." | 15 | |
| 5721218793 | Puritans | Ardent Protestants who hoped to "purify" the Church of England. They believed that the "reformation" did not create enough changes in theology. Political and religious dissenters. | 16 | |
| 5721218794 | Quakers | Known as the "Society of Friends," the Quakers were dissenting English Protestants seeking to find a home for their religion and their own distinctive social order. William Penn, a Quaker, became the proprietor of Pennsylvania and sought to create a "holy experiment." | 17 |
