AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition Chapter 8 Nationalism and Economic Development, 1816-1848
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| 5295512272 | Era of Good Feelings | Term to describe James Monroe's period as president (1817-1825). The Democratic-Republicans party dominated politics. On the surface everything looked fine, however there were conflicts over tariffs, the national bank, internal improvements, and public land sales. (p. 150) |  | 0 |
| 5295512273 | sectionalism | Different parts of the country developing unique and separate cultures (as the North, South and West). |  | 1 |
| 5295512274 | James Monroe | The fifth President of the United States (1817-1825). His administration was marked by the Tariff of 1816, Rush-Bagot Agreement with Britain (1817), acquisition of Florida (1819), the Missouri Compromise (1820), in which Missouri was declared a slave state; and the profession of the Monroe Doctrine (1823). (p 151) |  | 2 |
| 5295512275 | cultural nationalism | A new generation was interested in expanding west, had little interest in European politics, and patriotic themes were everywhere in society. (p. 151) | 3 | |
| 5295512276 | economic nationalism | Political movement to subsidize internal improvements such as roads and canals. Also the protecting of US industries from European competition. (p. 151) | 4 | |
| 5295512277 | Tariff of 1816 | The first protective tariff in the US, it helped protect American industry from competition by raising the prices of British manufactured goods. (p. 151) |  | 5 |
| 5295512278 | protective tariff | A tax on imported goods that is intended to protect a nation's businesses from foreign competition. (p. 151) |  | 6 |
| 5295512279 | Henry Clay's American System | His proposed plan for advancing the nation's economic growth consisted of three parts: 1) protective tariffs; 2) a national bank; and 3) internal improvements. The internal improvements to be funded by the national government were not approved because James Monroe felt that the Constitution did not allow for such use of federal funds. (p. 152) |  | 7 |
| 5295512280 | Second Bank of the United States | This institution was chartered in 1816 under President Madison and became a depository for federal funds and a creditor for (loaning money to) state banks. It became unpopular after being blamed for the panic of 1819, and suspicion of corruption and mismanagement haunted it until its charter expired in 1836. |  | 8 |
| 5295512281 | Panic of 1819 | The first major financial panic since the Constitution was ratified; marked the end of economic expansion and featured deflation (value of US money going down), depression, bank failures, foreclosures on western farms, unemployment, a slump in agriculture and manufacturing, and overcrowded debtor's prisons. (p. 153) |  | 9 |
| 5295512282 | Lancaster Turnpike | Built in the 1790s, this first highway was developed in response to the ineffectiveness of slow water transportation and uncertain road transportation. It stretched from Philadelphia to Lancaster and inspired many other turnpike projects. (p. 161) |  | 10 |
| 5295512283 | National (Cumberland) Road | A paved highway that extended more than a thousand miles from Maryland to Illinois. It was built using state and federal money over many years (1811-1852). One of the few roads crossing state boundaries. (p. 161) |  | 11 |
| 5295512284 | Erie Canal | A canal built in 1825 in New York that linked economies of western and eastern cities. It lead to more canal building, lower food prices, and stronger economies. (p. 161) |  | 12 |
| 5295512285 | Robert Fulton; steamboats | In 1807 he built a boat powered by a steam engine. It made shipping easier and cheaper. (p. 161) |  | 13 |
| 5295512286 | railroads | A major economic development of the 1820s. A method for carrying passengers and freight. They made the Midwest a major power. (p. 161) |  | 14 |
| 5295512287 | Eli Whitney; interchangeable parts | In 1793 he built the first cotton gin. During the War of 1812 he devised a system to make rifles out of mass produced interchangeable parts. (p. 162) |  | 15 |
| 5295512288 | corporations | Businesses owned by stockholders, treated by law as if it were a person. | 16 | |
| 5295512289 | Samuel Slater | British-born textile producer, one of the first industrialists in America. In 1791 he helped establish the nation's first factory using cotton spinning machine technology. (p. 162) |  | 17 |
| 5295512290 | factory system | In the 1820s New England emerged as the country's leading manufacturing center because of abundant water power for the new machinery. (p. 162) |  | 18 |
| 5295512291 | Lowell System; textile mills | The system that recruited young farm women and housed them in company dormitories. These were textile mills. (p. 163) |  | 19 |
| 5295512292 | industrialization | Caused a shift from farming economy to using manufacturing machines in a factory economy. | | 20 |
| 5295512293 | specialization | Farmers produced food, workers in the cities produced manufactured goods. | 21 | |
| 5295512294 | unions | Trade unions were organized as early as the 1790s when the factory system started to take hold. A prime goal of the early unions was a 10 hour workday. (p. 163) |  | 22 |
| 5295512295 | cotton gin | It was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from cotton fibers so cotton could be processed quickly and cheaply. As a result more cotton was grown and more slaves were needed in the cotton fields. (p. 162) |  | 23 |
| 5295512296 | market revolution | This revolution from produced vast economic growth. People bought and sold more goods rather than making them for themselves. (p. 164) |  | 24 |
| 5295512297 | John Marshall | Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1801-1835). A Federalist who favored the central government and the rights of property against advocates of state's rights. Even when he was outnumbered in the Supreme Court, Republican justices sided with him. (p. 153) |  | 25 |
| 5295512298 | Fletcher v. Peck | An 1810 case in which Georgia tried to revoke a land grant on the grounds that it had been obtained by corruption. The Supreme Court ruled that a state cannot arbitrarily interfere with a person's property rights. Since the land grant was a legal contract, it could not be repealed. This was the first time that the Supreme Court declared a state law to be unconstitutional and invalid. (p. 154) |  | 26 |
| 5295512299 | McCulloch v. Maryland | An 1819 Supreme Court case that ruled that states could not tax the federal government, i.e. the Bank of the United States, The case confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States based on the Constitution's implied power. |  | 27 |
| 5295512300 | Dartmouth College v. Woodward | 1819 Supreme Court case in which New Hampshire had attempted to change Dartmouth College from a private college into a public institution. The Supreme Court ruled that the charter was protected under the contract clause of the U. S. Constitution; upholds the sanctity of contracts. |  | 28 |
| 5295512301 | Gibbons v. Ogden | In 1821 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that New York state could not grant a monopoly to a steamboat company. This established the federal government's control of interstate commerce. (p. 154) |  | 29 |
| 5295512302 | implied powers | Even though a power not specifically stated in the Constitution, the federal government my have the power to create one. (p. 154) |  | 30 |
| 5295512303 | Tallmadge Amendment | Proposed solution to Missouri becoming a state. It forbade slavery in Missouri and said that all black children would be free after the age of 25. It did not pass in the Senate and angered southerns. (p. 156) |  | 31 |
| 5295512304 | Missouri Compromise | An 1820 compromise that Missouri joined the Union as a slave state, and Maine joined as a free state. Congress also established a line across the southern border of Missouri (36°,30') saying except for the state of Missouri, all states north of that line must be free states or states without slavery. (p. 157) |  | 32 |
| 5295512305 | Stephen Decatur | Naval officer sent by James Madison in 1815 with a fleet to force the rulers of North Africa to allow American shipping the free use of the Mediterranean. (p. 157) |  | 33 |
| 5295512306 | Rush-Bagot Agreement | An 1817 disarmament pact between U.S. and Britain, it strictly limited Naval armament on the Great Lakes. The agreement was extended to place limits on U.S. and Canada border fortifications. (p. 157) |  | 34 |
| 5295512307 | Treaty of 1818 | Treaty between U.S. and Britain which 1) shared fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland; 2) joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for ten years; 3) set the northern limits of the Louisiana Territory at the 49th parallel. (p. 157) | 35 | |
| 5295512308 | Andrew Jackson | In 1817 this general lead a militia force to Florida where he destroyed Seminole villages and hung Seminole sympathizers. (p. 158) |  | 36 |
| 5295512309 | Florida Purchase Treaty | An 1819 treaty in which Spain turned over Florida and the Oregon Territory to the U.S. The U.S. agree to assume $5 million debt and give up any claims in Texas. (p. 158) |  | 37 |
| 5295512310 | Monroe Doctrine | An 1823 doctrine by President James Monroe, warning European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas. The United States largely lacked the power to back up the pronouncement, which was actually enforced by the British, who sought unfettered access to Latin American markets. (p. 158) |  | 38 |
