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| 9266350915 | Tariff | A tax imposed on imported goods and services.Tariffs are used to restrict trade, as they increase the price of imported goods and services, making them more expensive to consumers. | 0 | |
| 9266350916 | Democratic Party | founded around 1828, making it the world's oldest active party | 1 | |
| 9266350917 | Andrew Jackson | the seventh president of the United States. He is known for founding the Democratic Party and for his support of individual liberty. | 2 | |
| 9266350918 | Whig Party | a political party active in the middle of the 19th century in the United States. Three Presidents were current members of the Party. Along with the rival Democratic Party, it was central to the SecondParty System from the early 1830s to the mid-1850s. | 3 | |
| 9266350919 | Henry Clay | an American lawyer and planter, politician, and skilled orator who represented Kentucky in both the United States Senate and House of Representatives as a member of the Whig party. | 4 | |
| 9266350920 | Second Great Awakening | a Protestant religious revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800 and, after 1820, membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement. | 5 | |
| 9266350921 | Romanticism | an artistic and intellectual movement characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical | 6 | |
| 9266350922 | Temperance | abstinence from alcoholic drink. | 7 | |
| 9266350923 | Seneca Falls Convention | the first women's rights convention, advertised as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman". | 8 | |
| 9266350924 | The American System | consisted of three mutually reenforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promoteAmerican industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture. Supported heavily by Henry Clay. | 9 | |
| 9266350925 | Monroe Doctrine | a U.S. foreign policy regarding domination of the Americas in 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention. | 10 | |
| 9266350926 | Missouri Compromise | 1854 - a United States federal statute devised by Henry Clay. It regulated slavery in the country's western territories by prohibiting the practice in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30′ north, except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. | 11 | |
| 9266350927 | Arable Land | Land used or suitable for growing crops. | 12 | |
| 9266350928 | writ | A formal legal document ordering or prohibiting some act. | 13 | |
| 9266350929 | tribunal | A court of justice of the place where it renders judgment. | 14 | |
| 9266350930 | impeachment | a process in which an official is accused of unlawful activity, the outcome of which, depending on the country, may include the removal of that official from office as well as criminal or civil punishment. | 15 | |
| 9266350931 | pacifist | Characterized by principle opposition to all war and belief in non interventionist. | 16 | |
| 9266350932 | frigate | A fast, heavily armed warship, usually with two decks and high rigging. | 17 | |
| 9266350933 | cede | To yield or grant something, often upon request or under pressure. | 18 | |
| 9266350934 | precedent | In law and government, a decision or action that establishes a sanctioned rule for determining similar cases in the future. | 19 | |
| 9266350935 | sectionalist | Person devoted to the cause of a particular section of the country, as opposed to the nation as a whole. | 20 | |
| 9266350936 | conscription | Compulsory enrollment of men and women into the armed forces. | 21 | |
| 9266350937 | broadside | The simultaneous firing of all guns on one side of a ship. | 22 | |
| 9266350938 | embargo | A government order prohibiting commerce in or out of a port. | 23 | |
| 9266350939 | mediation | A friendly intervention, usually by consent, to settle differences between groups or nations. | 24 | |
| 9266350940 | armistice | A temporary stopping of warfare by mutual agreement, usually in preparation for an actual peace negotiation between the parties. | 25 | |
| 9266350941 | nationalism | A strong devotion to the nation as the central political entity, often in a narrow or aggressive fashion. | 26 | |
| 9266350942 | reaction (reactionary) | In politics, extreme conservatism, looking to restore the conditions of an earlier time. | 27 | |
| 9266350943 | protection (protective) | In economics, the policy of stimulating or preserving domestic producers by placing barriers against imported goods, often through high tariffs. | 28 | |
| 9266350944 | raw materials | Products in their natural, unmanufactured state. | 29 | |
| 9266350945 | internal improvements | The basic public works, such as roads and canals, that create the structure for economic development. | 30 | |
| 9266350946 | intrastate | Existing wholly within a state of the United States. | 31 | |
| 9266350947 | depression | In economics, a severe and often prolonged period of declining economic activity, rising unemployment, and falling wages and prices. | 32 | |
| 9266350948 | boom | In economics, period of sudden, spectacular expansion of business activity or prices. | 33 | |
| 9266350949 | wildcat bank | An uncontrolled, speculative bank that issues notes without sufficient capital to back them. | 34 | |
| 9266350950 | peculiar institution | The institution of American black slavery. | 35 | |
| 9266350951 | demogogic (demagogue) | Concerning a leader who stirs up the common people by appeals to emotion and prejudice, often for selfish or irrational ends. | 36 | |
| 9266350952 | contract | In law, an agreement in which each of two or more parties agrees to perform some act in exchange for what the other party promises to do. | 37 | |
| 9266350953 | constituents | The body of voters or supporters in a district, regarded as a group. | 38 | |
| 9266350954 | divine right | The belief that government or rulers are directly established by God. | 39 | |
| 9266350955 | hard money | Gold and Silver coins, as distinguished from paper money. | 40 | |
| 9266350956 | deference | The yielding of opinion to the judgment of someone else. | 41 | |
| 9266350957 | subversive | Tending to corrupt, overthrow, or destroy something established. | 42 | |
| 9266350958 | clique | A small, exclusive, and snobbish circle of people. | 43 | |
| 9266350959 | puritanical | Extremely or excessively strict in matters of morals or religion. | 44 | |
| 9266350960 | usurpation | The act of seizing, occupying, or enjoying the place, power, or functions of someone without right. | 45 | |
| 9266350961 | political plums | Choice, desirable offices of favors. | 46 | |
| 9266350962 | mudslinging | Malicious, unscrupulous attacks against an opponent. | 47 | |
| 9266350963 | bare-knuckle | Hard, unrestrained, brutal. | 48 | |
| 9266350964 | machine | A political organization, often controlled through patronage or spoils. | 49 | |
| 9266350965 | spoils | Public offices given as a reward for political support. | 50 | |
| 9266350966 | henchmen | Political supporters or followers. | 51 | |
| 9266350967 | incumbent | The person currently holding an office. | 52 | |
| 9266350968 | impost | A tax, particularly a tariff or duty on imported goods. | 53 | |
| 9266350969 | appeasement | The policy of giving in to demands of a hostile of dangerous power in hoped of avoiding conflict. | 54 | |
| 9266350970 | plutocratic | Concerning an extremely wealthy ruling class. | 55 | |
| 9266350971 | prejudice | Unreasonable suspicion, bias, or hatred directed at members of a group. | 56 | |
| 9266350972 | ritual | A set form or system of ceremonies, often but not necessarily religious. | 57 | |
| 9266350973 | evangelical | Concerning religious belief, commonly Protestant, that emphasizes personal salvation, individual and voluntary religious commitment, and the authority of Scripture. | 58 | |
| 9266350974 | anathema | Something or someone cursed or expelled from a group. | 59 | |
| 9266350975 | platform | A statement of the principles or positions of a political party. | 60 | |
| 9266350976 | mandate | Something authoritatively commanded or required. | 61 | |
| 9266350977 | denominations | In American religion, the major branches of Christianity, organized into separate national churches structures, e.g., Presbyterians, Baptists, Disciples of Christ. | 62 | |
| 9266350978 | trammel | Something that confines, restrains, or shackles. | 63 | |
| 9266350979 | prolific | Producing abundant young. | 64 | |
| 9266350980 | temperance | Moderation, or sometimes total abstinence, as regards drinking liquor. | 65 | |
| 9266350981 | crusader | A person who pursues a cause, religious or otherwise, with extreme enthusiasm and earnestness. | 66 | |
| 9266350982 | favorite sons | In American politics, presidential candidates who are nominated by their own state, primarily out of local loyalty. | 67 | |
| 9266350983 | caste | An exclusive or rigid social distinction based on birth, wealth, occupation, and so forth. | 68 | |
| 9266350984 | nativist | One who advocates favoring native-born citizens over aliens or immigrants. | 69 | |
| 9266350985 | factory | An establishment for the manufacturing of goods, including buildings and substantial machinery. | 70 | |
| 9266350986 | trademark | A distinguishing symbol or word used by a manufacturer on its goods, usually registered by law to protect against imitators. | 71 | |
| 9266350987 | distaff | The staff from which thread is drawn in spinning; hence, a symbol of spinning or, sometimes, of work usually done by women or considered appropriate for them. | 72 | |
| 9266350988 | liability | Legal responsibility for loss or damage. | 73 | |
| 9266350989 | incorporation | The formation of individuals into a legally organized group. | 74 | |
| 9266350990 | labor union | An organization of workers—usually wage-earning workers—to promote the interests and welfare of its members, often by collective bargaining with employers. | 75 | |
| 9266350991 | strike | An organized work stoppage by employees in order to obtain better wages, working conditions, and so on. | 76 | |
| 9266350992 | capitalist | An individual or group who uses private property to produce goods for profit in an open market. | 77 | |
| 9266350993 | turnpike | A toll road. | 78 | |
| 9266350994 | posterity | Later descendants or subsequent generations. | 79 | |
| 9266350995 | productivity | In economics, the relative capacity to produce goods and services, measured in terms of the number of workers and machines needed to create goods in a certain length of time. | 80 | |
| 9266350996 | transient | Referring to a person without a fixed or long-term home or job; a migrant. | 81 | |
| 9266350997 | polygamy | The practice or condition of having two or more spouses at one time. | 82 | |
| 9266350998 | theocracy | Literally, rule by God, the term is often applied to a state where religious leaders exercise direct or indirect political authority. | 83 | |
| 9266350999 | utopian | Referring to any place or plan that aims at an ideal social order. | 84 | |
| 9266351000 | zealot | One who is carried away by a cause to an extreme or excessive degree. | 85 | |
| 9266351001 | communistic | Referring to the theory or practice in which the means of production are owned by the community as a whole. | 86 | |
| 9266351002 | communitarian | Referring to the belief in or practice of the superiority of community life or values over individual life, but not necessarily the common ownership of material goods. | 87 | |
| 9266351003 | free love | The principle or practice of sexual relations unrestricted by law, marriage, or religious constraints. | 88 | |
| 9266351004 | eugenic | Concerning the improvement of the human species through selective breeding or genetic control. | 89 | |
| 9266351005 | monogamy | The belief in or practice of marrying only one spouse at a time. | 90 | |
| 9266351006 | classical | Concerning the culture of ancient Greece or Rome, or any artistic or cultural values presumed to be based on those enduring principles. | 91 | |
| 9266351007 | mystical | Referring to the belief in the direct apprehension of God or divine mystery, without reliance on reason or human comprehension. | 92 | |
| 9266351008 | nonconformist | One who refuses to follow established or conventional ideas or habits. | 93 | |
| 9266351009 | nonviolence | The principle of resolving or engaging in conflict without resort to physical force. | 94 | |
| 9266351010 | providential | Under the care and direction of God or other benevolent natural or supernatural forces. | 95 | |
| 9266351011 | Marbury v. Madison (1803, Marshall) | The Court established its role as the arbiter of the constitutionality of federal laws, the principle is known as judicial review. | 96 | |
| 9266351012 | Fletcher v. Peck (1810, Marshall) | The decision stems from the Yazoo land cases, 1803, and upholds the sanctity of contracts. | 97 | |
| 9266351013 | McCulloch v. Maryland (1819, Marshall) | The Court ruled that states cannot tax the federal government, i.e. the Bank of the United States; the phrase "the power to tax is the power to destroy"; confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States. | 98 | |
| 9266351014 | Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819, Marshall) | New Hampshire had attempted to take over Dartmouth College by revising its colonial charter. The Court ruled that the charter was protected under the contract clause of the U. S. Constitution; upholds the sanctity of contracts. | 99 | |
| 9266351015 | Gibbons v. Ogden (1824, Marshall) | Clarified the commerce clause and affirmed Congressional power over interstate commerce. | 100 | |
| 9266351016 | Johnson v. McIntosh (1823, Marshall) | Established that Indian tribes had rights to tribal lands that preceded all other American law; only the federal government could take land from the tribes. | 101 | |
| 9266351017 | Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831, Marshall) | "The conditions of the Indians in relation to the United States is perhaps unlike that of any two people in existence," Chief Justice John Marshall wrote, "their relation to the United States resembles that of a ward to his guardian. . .(they were a) domestic dependent nation." Established a "trust relationship" with the tribes directly under federal authority. | 102 | |
| 9266351018 | Worcester v. Georgia (1832, Marshall) | Established tribal autonomy within their boundaries, i.e. the tribes were "distinct political communities, having territorial boundaries within which their authority is exclusive." | 103 | |
| 9266351019 | Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837, Taney) | The interests of the community are more important than the interests of business; the supremacy of society's interest over private interest. | 104 | |
| 9266351020 | Louisiana Purchase | a land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million. (1803) | 105 |
