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| 7782770708 | Articles of Confederation | First attempt at US Government, sent to the states for ratification in 1777; restricted national government too much | 0 | |
| 7782770709 | Shay's Rebellion | Rebellion focused on taking down the Massachusetts state government arsenal in efforts to stop the state courts from prosecuting debtors | 1 | |
| 7782770710 | Pluralism | Having a variety of parties and interests within a government that helps strengthen the government; variety of groups ensures no one group will take control (Federalist Papers 10) | 2 | |
| 7782770711 | Three-Fifths Compromise | 3 | ||
| 7782770712 | Federalists | Group that favored strong central government and a system of separated powers | 4 | |
| 7782770713 | Anti-Federalist | Group that favored strong state governments, feared large government | 5 | |
| 7782770714 | Amendment Process | 6 | ||
| 7782770715 | Great Compromise | 7 | ||
| 7782770716 | Originalist (Constitution Interpretation) | 8 | ||
| 7782770717 | Living Constitution (Constitution Interpretation) | 9 | ||
| 7782770718 | Separation of Powers | 10 | ||
| 7782770720 | Unitary Government | Each state has its own government entity, but the central government is supreme | 11 | |
| 7804305666 | Confederal Government | Sovereign states delegate power to the central government | 12 | |
| 7782770721 | Elastic Clause | Congress can pass laws it sees as necessary and proper (Article I, Section 8, Clause 18) | 13 | |
| 7782770722 | National Supremacy Clause | Article VI Section 2, states that the Constitution, the federal laws made under it, and treaties are the supreme law of the land | 14 | |
| 7782770723 | Full Faith and Credit Clause | Article IV Section 1, states that states must have access to the "public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state." | 15 | |
| 7782770724 | Privileges and Immunities Clause | Article IV Section 2, states that "the citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states." | 16 | |
| 7782770725 | Enumerated/Expressed Powers | Congressional powers listed mainly in Article I Section 8 | 17 | |
| 7782770726 | Implied Powers | Powers not explicitly named in Article I Section 8 but are necessary to the execution of the powers of Congress | 18 | |
| 7782770727 | Concurrent Powers | Powers shared between the federal government and the state | 19 | |
| 7782770728 | Reserved Powers | Powers of the states, may not be explicitly written into the Constitution | 20 | |
| 7782770729 | Denied Powers | Powers restricted from government listed in Article I Section 9 as well as the first 8 amendments | 21 | |
| 7782770730 | Dual/Layer Cake Federalism | Power is clearly divded by states and federal government | 22 | |
| 7782770731 | Cooperative/Marble Cake Federalism | Mixed powers between states and federal government | 23 | |
| 7782770732 | Fiscal Federalism | Division between federal roles and financial relations | 24 | |
| 7782770733 | New Federalism | Pass power from federal government to state government | 25 | |
| 7782770734 | Picket Fence Federalism | Descending powers, federal has the main power, stratified based on issues, form of Cooperative | 26 | |
| 7799062502 | Coercive Federalism | 27 | ||
| 7799062504 | Categorical grants | Grants issued to the states by the federal government that can only be spent for narrowly defined purposes | 28 | |
| 7799062505 | Block grants | Grants issued to the states by the federal government that can be spent on a wide range of services | 29 | |
| 7799062506 | General revenue sharing (GRS) | Government apportions part of its tax revenue with the states | 30 | |
| 7799062507 | Federal mandates | Federal orders imposed on states that induce "responsibility, action, procedure or anything else that is imposed by constitutional, administrative, executive, or judicial action." | 31 | |
| 7799062508 | Tenth Amendment | All powers not listed in the Constitution are reserved to the states | 32 | |
| 7799062509 | Commerce Clause | "To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes." (Article I Section 8 Clause 3) Enumerated power | 33 | |
| 7799062510 | Public Opinion | Citizens' views on politics and government action | 34 | |
| 7799062511 | Liberal/Conservative ideology | A way of describing political beliefs on a spectrum that runs from Liberal to Conservative | 35 | |
| 7799062512 | Latent Opinion | An opinion formed on the spot | 36 | |
| 7799062513 | Random Sample | Randomized, selected group of people surveyed to gauge whole population's opinion, improves accuracy | 37 | |
| 7799062514 | Sampling Error | A calculation that describes what percentage of the people surveyed may not accurately represent the population being studied | 38 | |
| 7799070585 | McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | Court case that allowed the government to establish the Second National Bank using the Necessary and Proper Clause | 39 | |
| 7799070586 | Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) | Court case that dissolved steamboat monopolies using the Commerce Clause | 40 | |
| 7799070587 | Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) | Ruled that slaves were not full citizens of the United States and that the US could not ban slavery from any territories | 41 | |
| 7799070588 | United States v. Lopez (1995) | Struck down the 1990 Gun-Free School Zones Act, saying it was unconstitutional to ban people from carrying guns near schools | 42 |
