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| 5350679022 | Grand Canal | The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. |  | 0 |
| 5350680385 | Tang Empire | Empire unifying China and part of Central Asia, founded 618 and ended 907. The Tang emperors presided over a magnificent court at their capital, Chang'an. |  | 1 |
| 5350682864 | tributary system | A system in which, from the time of the Han Empire, countries in East and Southeast Asia not under the direct control of empires based in China nevertheless enrolled as tributary states, acknowledging the superiority of the emperors in China. |  | 2 |
| 5350684686 | Song Empire | Empire in southern China (1127-1279; the 'Southern Song') while the Jin people controlled the north. Distinguished for its advances in technology, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics. |  | 3 |
| 5350684687 | gunpowder | The formula, brought to China in the 400s or 500s, was first used to make fumigators to keep away insect pests and evil spirits. In later centuries it was used to make explosives and grenades and to propel cannonballs, shot, and bullets. |  | 4 |
| 5350688988 | neo-Confucianism | term that describes the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the T'ang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism |  | 5 |
| 5350688989 | Zen Buddhism | a Buddhist sect that emphasizes enlightenment through meditation and stresses simplicity and discipline |  | 6 |
| 5350690685 | movable type | Type in which each individual character is cast on a separate piece of metal. It replaced woodblock printing, allowing for the arrangement of individual letters and other characters on a page. Invented in Korea 13th Century. |  | 7 |
| 5350690686 | Shamanism | The practice of identifying special individuals (shamans) who will interact with spirits for the benefit of the community. Characteristic of the Korean kingdoms of the early medieval period and of early societies of Central Asia. (p. 292) |  | 8 |
| 5350692069 | Koryo | Korean kingdom founded in 918 and destroyed by a Mongol invasion in 1259. |  | 9 |
| 5350692070 | Fujiwara | Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power. |  | 10 |
| 5350694351 | Champa Rice | Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season. Originally introduced into Champa from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state (as part of the tributary system.) |  | 11 |
| 5350702214 | Srivijaya | A state based on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, between the seventh and eleventh centuries C.E. It amassed wealth and power by a combination of selective adaptation of Indian technologies and concepts, and control of trade routes. |  | 12 |
| 5350702215 | Mongols | A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. |  | 13 |
| 5350704620 | Genghis Khan | Also known as Temujin; he united the Mongol tribes into an unstoppable fighting force; created largest single land empire in history. |  | 14 |
| 5350704621 | Yuan Empire | He created this dynasty in China and Siberia. Khubilai Khan was head of the Mongol Empire and grandson of Genghis Khan. |  | 15 |
| 5350715646 | Golden Horde | Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's. It was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam. Also known as the Kipchak Horde. |  | 16 |
| 5350715647 | Timur | Sometimes known as Tamerlane, this was the Central Asian leader of a Mongol tribe who attempted to re-establish the Mongol Empire in the late 1300's. His empire included Persia (Iran) and many surrounding lands. He is the great great grandfather of Babur. who later founds the Mughal Empire in India. |  | 17 |
| 5350719242 | Rashid al-din | Adviser to the Il-khan ruler Ghazan, who converted to Islam on Rashid's advice. |  | 18 |
| 5350721065 | Alexander Nevskii | Prince of Novgorod. He submitted to the invading Mongols in 1240 and received recognition as the leader of the Russian princes under the Golden Horde. |  | 19 |
| 5350721066 | tsar | The Russian term for ruler or king; taken from the Roman word caesar. |  | 20 |
| 5350723327 | Ottoman Empire | Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Empire was based at Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453-1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe. |  | 21 |
| 5350725943 | Khubilai Khan | Last of the Mongol Great Khans. Ruled the Mongol Empire from China and was the founder of the Yuan Empire in China after defeating what was left of the Song Dynasty. |  | 22 |
| 5350727668 | lama | French naturalist who proposed that evolution resulted from the inheritance of acquired characteristics (1744-1829) |  | 23 |
| 5350730089 | Ming Empire | Empire based in China that Zhu Yuanzhang established after the overthrow of the Yuan Empire. The emperor Yongle sponsored the building of the Forbidden City and the voyages of Zheng He. |  | 24 |
| 5350730090 | Zheng He | An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. |  | 25 |
| 5350734343 | kamikaze | "Divine wind" Destructive typhoon that wiped out half of the Mongol army |  | 26 |
