Terms : Hide Images
| 5613307173 | papacy | The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head. |  | 0 |
| 5613309503 | indulgence | A pardon given by the Roman Catholic Church in return for repentance for sins |  | 1 |
| 5613309504 | Protestant Reformation | A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. |  | 2 |
| 5613313531 | Catholic Reformation | a 16th century movement in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to make changes in response to the Protestant Reformation |  | 3 |
| 5613316104 | witch-hunt | The pursuit of people suspected of witchcraft, especially in northern Europe in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. |  | 4 |
| 5613319079 | Scientific Revolution | A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs. |  | 5 |
| 5613319080 | Enlightenment | A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions. |  | 6 |
| 5613327100 | bourgeoisie | In early modern Europe, the class of well-off town dwellers whose wealth came from manufacturing, finance, commerce, and allied professions. |  | 7 |
| 5613330671 | joint-stock company | A business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks (and profits) among many investors. |  | 8 |
| 5613330672 | stock exchange | A place where shares in a company or business enterprise are bought and sold. |  | 9 |
| 5613330801 | gentry | A general term for a class of prosperous families, sometimes including but often ranked below the rural aristocrats. |  | 10 |
| 5613336070 | Little Ice Age | A century-long period of cool climate that began in the 1590s. Its ill effects on agriculture in northern Europe were notable. |  | 11 |
| 5613340058 | Holy Roman Empire | Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to 1806. |  | 12 |
| 5613340059 | Hapsburg | a royal German family that provided rulers for several European states and wore the crown of the Holy Roman Empire from 1440 to 1806 |  | 13 |
| 5613340127 | English Civil War | Conflict from 1640 to 1660; featured religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ended with restoration of the monarchy in 1660 following execution of previous king |  | 14 |
| 5613348609 | Versailles | A palace built by Louis XIV outside of Paris; it was home to Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette |  | 15 |
| 5613351563 | balance of power | distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong |  | 16 |
| 5613362704 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. |  | 17 |
| 5613381159 | Bartolome de Las Casas | First bishop of Chiapas, in southern Mexico. He devoted most of his life to protecting Amerindian peoples from exploitation. His major achievement was the New Laws of 1542, which limited the ability of Spanish settlers to compel Amerindians to labor. |  | 18 |
| 5613381160 | Potosi | Located in Bolivia, one of the richest silver mining centers and most populous cities in colonial Spanish America. |  | 19 |
| 5613392501 | encomienda | A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it |  | 20 |
| 5613392502 | mita | Andean labor system based on shared obligations to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organizations. |  | 21 |
| 5613392503 | creoles | Descendents of Spanish-born but born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, economic status. |  | 22 |
| 5613395561 | mestizo | A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry. |  | 23 |
| 5613395562 | mulato | in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies, a person of mixed African and European descent |  | 24 |
| 5613399241 | indentured servant | Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years |  | 25 |
| 5613420724 | House of Burgesses | the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, representative colony set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legistlative acts. |  | 26 |
| 5613424039 | Pilgrams | English settlers seeking religous freedom |  | 27 |
| 5613424040 | Puritans | A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay. |  | 28 |
| 5613427170 | Iroquois Confederacy | An alliance of five northeastern Amerindian peoples (after 1722 six) that made decisions on military and diplomatic issues through a council of representatives. Allied first with the Dutch and later with the English, it dominated W. New England. |  | 29 |
| 5613430947 | New France | French colony in North America, with a capital in Quebec, founded 1608. New France fell to the British in 1763. |  | 30 |
| 5613434924 | coureurs de bois | (runners of the woods) French fur traders, many of mixed Amerindian heritage, who lived among and often married with Amerindian peoples of North America. |  | 31 |
| 5613437512 | Tupac Amaru II | Member of Inca aristocracy who led a rebellion against Spanish authorities in Peru in 1780-1781. He was captured and executed with his wife and other members of his family. |  | 32 |
