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| 5997352355 | Civil Rights | Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals. |  | 0 |
| 5997352356 | 14th Amendment | Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens & are guaranteed equal protection of the laws; citizenship by birth & naturalization; prohibited state gov. from infringing on equal rights; gave black Americans citizenship & legal equality; still allowed the North to prohibit black suffrage. |  | 1 |
| 5997352357 | Equal Protection of the laws | a standard of equal treatment that must be observed by the government- 14th amendment |  | 2 |
| 5997352358 | Scott vs. Sanford | 1857 supreme court case ruling that a slave that has escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territory. |  | 3 |
| 5997352359 | 13th Amendment | Abolished slavery. First of three "Reconstruction Amendments" passed after Civil War (1865-70) |  | 4 |
| 5997352360 | Plessy vs. Ferguson | (1896) Supreme Court decision that created the "separate but equal" doctrine. As a result many states across the South had "Jim Crow Laws." Separate water fountains, restrooms, entrances, segregated seating at movie theatres, etc. Most importantly, segregated schools. |  | 5 |
| 5997352361 | Brown vs. Board of Education | 1954- court decision that declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) |  | 6 |
| 5997352362 | Civil Rights Act of 1964 | law making racial discrimination in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbid many forms of job discrimination. Public discrimination |  | 7 |
| 5997352363 | Suffrage | Legal right to vote blacks-15th amendment women-19th amendment 18 year old- 26th amendment |  | 8 |
| 5997352364 | 15th amendement | African-American males received the right to vote |  | 9 |
| 5997352365 | Poll Taxes | Small taxes levied on the right to vote that often fell due at a time of year when poor African-American sharecroppers had the least cash on hand. This method was used by most Southern states to exclude African Americans from voting. Poll taxes were declared void by the Twenty-fourth Amendment in 1964. |  | 10 |
| 5997352366 | White primary | the practice of keeping blacks from voting in the southern states' primaries through arbitrary use of registration requirements and intimidation. Declared unconstitutional in 1944. |  | 11 |
| 5997352367 | 24th Amendment | Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1964) eliminated the poll taxes to vote in national elections. |  | 12 |
| 5997352368 | Voting Rights Act of 1965 | A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically. |  | 13 |
| 5997352369 | Hernandez vs. Texas | ended the exclusion of Mexican Americans from juries in Texas. |  | 14 |
| 5997352370 | Korematsu vs. US | 1944- Supreme Court ruled that internment of Japanese Americans was justified as the country's need for protection against espionage outweighed individual rights |  | 15 |
| 5997352371 | 19th Amendment | Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections. |  | 16 |
| 5997352372 | Equal Rights Amendment | A constitutional amendment originally introduced in Congress in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972, stating that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." Despite public support, the amendment failed to acquire the necessary support from three-fourths of the state legislatures. |  | 17 |
| 5997352373 | Reed vs. Reed | 1971 outlawed sexual discrimination |  | 18 |
| 5997352374 | Craig vs. Boren | 1976 Supreme Court ruling that est "medium scrutiny" standard for determining gender discrimination |  | 19 |
| 5997352375 | Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 | Passed by Congress in 1990, this act banned discrimination against the disabled in employment and mandated easy access to all public and commercial buildings. |  | 20 |
| 5997352376 | Affirmative Action | A policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities |  | 21 |
| 5997352377 | Regents of the University of California vs. Bakke | A 1978 Supreme Court decision holding that a state university could weigh race or ethnic background as an element of admitting, but couldn't set aside places for members of particular racial groups. |  | 22 |
| 5997352378 | Adarand Constructors vs. Pena | A 1995 Supreme Court decision holding that federal programs that classify people by race, even for an ostensibly benign purpose such as expanding opportunities for minorities, should be presumed to be unconstitutional. |  | 23 |
