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| 5790584313 | Photosynthesis | 6CO2 + 12H20 (light) - > C6H12O6 + 6O2 Process by which plants convert solar energy into energy stored in chemical bonds (light dependent and light independent reactions) |  | 0 |
| 5790584314 | Light dependent reactions | Use light directly to produce ATP in the grana (1) Light is absorbed by PS II (2) Photolysis (release O2 and provide electron) (3) Photophosphorylation: Electrons flow through ETC and produce ATP (4) Light is absorbed by PS I (5) NADP+ reduced to NADPH using 2nd ETC Reactants: Light and H2O Products: NADPH, ATP, O2 (released) |  | 1 |
| 5790584315 | Photolysis | Splitting of water to provide electrons (to replace those lost form photosystem II) and protons (to reduce NADP) |  | 2 |
| 5790584316 | Noncyclic Photophosphorylation | Primary form of light-dependent reaction - ATP and NADPH are formed Process begins at PS II and continues to PS I |  | 3 |
| 5790584317 | Cyclic Photophosphorylation | Form of light-dependent reaction used to replenish ATP - no NADPH is formed Electrons travel from PS II to PS I and back to PS II again in cyclic fashion |  | 4 |
| 5790584318 | Light independent reactions | (Dark reactions, Calvin Cycle) Produce sugar using the Calvin cycle |  | 5 |
| 5790584319 | Calvin Cycle | Uses ATP and NADPH from light dependent reactions to fix carbon dioxide into G3P (sugar building block) (1) Fixation: CO2 combines with RuBP to produce carbon chain molecules (2) Reduction: carbon chain molecule reduced into G3P using ATP and NADPH (3) Regeneration: regeneration of RuBP for future carbon fixation Occurs in the stroma |  | 6 |
| 5790584320 | Pigments | Absorb light energy to provide energy for photosynthesis Absorb colors that it does not reflect; reflects color that it shows (e.g., chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids) |  | 7 |
| 5790584321 | Chloroplast | Organelle site of photosynthesis |  | 8 |
| 5790584322 | Stroma | Site of light-independent reactions |  | 9 |
| 5790584323 | Grana | (Granum) Consists of thylakoid membranes that are the site of light-dependent reations |  | 10 |
| 5790584324 | Photosystems | Harvest light for light-dependent reactions; Consists of a reaction center containing pigments Located in the grana in the thylakoid membranes |  | 11 |
| 5790584325 | Photorespiration | Dead-end process where O2 binds to rubisco instead of CO2 in Calvin cycles; does not create sugar or ATP Vestige from ancient Earth, when the atmosphere contained no oxygen to compete with CO2 |  | 12 |
| 5790584326 | C-4 Photosynthesis | Physically separates light dependent and independent reactions; carbon is stored in temporary form and pumped to bundle sheath cells to perform Calvin Cycle Adaptation for a dry environment to avoid dehydration and photorespiration (stomates can remain closed longer) |  | 13 |
| 5790584327 | Mesophyll | Primary site of photosynthesis; contains majority of chloroplasts |  | 14 |
| 5790584328 | CAM Photosynthesis | Temporal separation of light dependent and independent reactions. Plants only open their stomates at night to minimize water loss. During the day, when light reactions supply ATP and NADP, CO2 is released from organic acids (that were stored in the night) and enters the Calvin cycle, and sugar is produced Adaptation for dry environment to avoid dehydration and photorespiration | | 15 |
