AP Euro important things for industrial revolution
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| 5968872514 | Commercial Revolution | the expansion of the trade and buisness that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries. |  | 0 |
| 5968974103 | Bessemer Process | Henry Bessemer invented the process for producing modern flexible steele in 1856 |  | 1 |
| 5968927817 | England | Nation where the Industrial Revolution began |  | 2 |
| 5968933445 | France | Government Policies to Direct Industrialization while protecting traditional crafts. |  | 3 |
| 5968944460 | South and Eastern Europe | Very little industrialization because of poor transportation and resources. |  | 4 |
| 5968872515 | proto-industrialization | Preliminary shift away from agricultural economy in Europe; workers become full- or part-time producers of textile and metal products, working at home but in a capitalist system in which materials, work orders, and ultimate sales depended on urban merchants; prelude to Industrial Revolution. |  | 5 |
| 5968872516 | cottage industry | This was the way form of work of the rural classes in which the costumer would give the worker materials and the worker would create the desirable product |  | 6 |
| 5968872517 | flying shuttle | was developed by John Kay, its invention was one of the key developments in weaving that helped fuel the Industrial Revolution, enabled the weaver of a loom to throw the shuttle back and forth between the threads with one hand |  | 7 |
| 5968872518 | spinning jenny | This machine played an important role in the mechanization of textile production. Like the spinning wheel, it may be operated by a treadle or by hand. But, unlike the spinning wheel, it can spin more than one yarn at a time. The idea for multiple-yarn spinning was conceived about 1764 by James Hargreaves, an English weaver. In 1770, he patented a machine that could spin 16 yarns at a time. (643, 727) |  | 8 |
| 5968960531 | Alfred Krupp | a German steel manufacturer who eventually produced heavy guns for the Prussian army and sold all over Europe. |  | 9 |
| 5968872519 | water frame | 1780's; Richard Arkwright; powered by horse or water; turned out yarn much faster than cottage spinning wheels, led to development of mechanized looms | 10 | |
| 5968872521 | Agricultural Revolution | The transformation of farming that resulted in the eighteenth century from the spread of new crops, improvements in cultivation techniques and livestock breeding, and consolidation of small holdings into large farms from which tenants were expelled (600) |  | 11 |
| 5968872522 | Bank of England | created in 1694 to ensure a stable money supply and to lay the foundation for a network of lending institutions |  | 12 |
| 5968872525 | Navigation Acts | Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries. |  | 13 |
| 5968872526 | Corn Laws | Revised in 1815 these laws didn't allow for importing of cheap grain, this gave way to great anger towards the landed aristocracy who imposed them for their own good. Their repeal signified the end of dominance by the landed nobility |  | 14 |
| 5968872527 | James Watt | Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819) |  | 15 |
| 5968872528 | steam engine | 1760's; James Watt; engine powered by steam that could pump water from mines 3X as quickly as previous engines |  | 16 |
| 5968872529 | power loom | a loom operated mechanically, run by water putting the loom side by side wit hthe spinning machines in factories, changed workers job from running it to watching it, Invented in 1787, invented by Edward Cartwright , it speeded up the production of textiles |  | 17 |
| 5968872530 | heavy industry | industry that requires a large capital investment and that produces items used in other industries |  | 18 |
| 5968872532 | puddling furnace | This invention allowed impurities to be removed from iron ore and production to speed up 15x. |  | 19 |
| 5968872533 | Transportation Revolution | rapid growth in the speed and convenience of transportation; in the United States this began in the early 1800s |  | 20 |
| 5968872534 | Duke of Bridgewater | 1st Industrial Canal |  | 21 |
| 5968872535 | John McAdam | a scottish engineer that equipped road beds with a layer of large stones for drainage and on top placed a layer of smoother rocks, prevented heavy wagons from sinking into the mud; first hard roads (all weather roads) |  | 22 |
| 5968872536 | Robert Fulton | American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815) |  | 23 |
| 5968872538 | Crystal Palace | Building erected in Hyde Park, London, for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Made of iron and glass, like a gigantic greenhouse, it was a symbol of the industrial age. |  | 24 |
| 5968872540 | Zollverein | Prussian economic union, removed tariff barriers between German states, in step toward political unity |  | 25 |
| 5968872541 | petite bourgeoisie | lower middle class (shopkeepers and clerical staff etc.) |  | 26 |
| 5968872542 | proletariat | a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages |  | 27 |
| 5968872543 | Friedrich Engels | socialist who wrote the Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx in 1848 (1820-1895) |  | 28 |
| 5968872544 | poorhouses | emerged to provide work to those who were unemployed, conditions were often oppressive |  | 29 |
| 5968872545 | Luddites | These were the angry old cottage industry workers who lost their jobs and costumers to machines and as a result, they began to secretly destroy the machines |  | 30 |
| 5968872546 | Combination Acts | These were the laws passed by the Parliament that prohibited the English people from forming a union |  | 31 |
| 5968872548 | Chartists | seeking political democracy, universal male suffrage, est. controls over economic system to prevent exploitation ( think of German Peasant Revolt, Bread Roits, French Revolution) ; , Reformers who wanted changes like universal male suffrage; the secret ballot; and payment for members of Parliament, so that even workingmen could afford to enter politics. This group supported a document called the People's Charter. |  | 32 |
| 5968872549 | Saddler Commission | investigated working conditions helped initiate legislation to improve conditions in factories. | 33 | |
| 5968872550 | Factory Act of 1833 | limited the factory workday for children between 9 and 13 to 8 hours and that of adolescents between 14 and 18 to 12 hours-made no effort to regulate hours of work for children at home or in small businesses-children under 9 were to be enrolled by schools to be established by factory owners-broke pattern of whole families working together in the factory because efficiency required standardized shifts for all workers |  | 34 |
| 5968872551 | Mines Act of 1842 | prohibited underground work for women, considered a scandal for women to work in the pits, prevented the fraternizing of sexes |  | 35 |
| 5968872552 | Manchester | The city where the first major rail line ended. |  | 36 |
| 5968989928 | The Factory Act of 1847 | , also known as the Ten Hours Act was a United Kingdom Act of Parliament which restricted the working hours of women and young persons (13-18) in textile mills to 10 hours per day | 37 | |
| 5968872553 | Irish Potato Famine | Devastating famine that began in the 1840s. Led to decimation of the Irish population, the Irish diaspora, violent resistance to British control of Ireland, and the beginnings of Irish nationalism. also the beginning of the irish immigration to the US |  | 38 |
