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AP Language and Composition Terms Flashcards

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6940409136AnalogyExplaining something complex by comparing it to something more simple.0
6940410851ArgumentThe combination of reasons, evidence, etc that an author uses to convince an audience of their position.1
6940412262Aristotelian appealsThree different methods of appealing to an audience to convince them—ethos, logos, and pathos.2
6940413444AttitudeThe writer's personal views or feelings about the subject at hand.3
6940413445AudienceWho the author is directing his or her message towards4
6940437348Compare and ContrastDiscussing the similarities and differences between two things to some persuasive or illustrative purpose.5
6940438839ConnotationThe implied meaning of a word; words can broadly have positive, negative, or neutral connotations.6
6940438840ContextThe extra-textual environment in which the text is being delivered.7
6940455421CounterargumentThe argument(s) against the author's position.8
6940456223Deductive reasoningA form of logical reasoning wherein a general principle is applied to a specific case.9
6940478230DenotationThe literal, dictionary-definition meaning of a word.10
6940478231DictionThe style of language used; generally tailored to be appropriate to the audience and situation.11
6940481343EthosSetting up a source as credible and trustworthy.12
6940482851EvidenceThe information presented meant to persuade the audience of the author's position.13
6940483811Figurative languageThe use of language in a non-literal way; i.e. metaphor, simile, etc.14
6940485259GenreThe specific type of work being presented.15
6940520563ImageryAny descriptive language used to evoke a vivid sense or image of something; includes figurative language.16
6940520564ImplicationWhen something is suggested without being concretely stated.17
6940523027Inductive reasoningMaking a generalization based on specific evidence at hand.18
6940524174IronyAt the most basic sense, saying the opposite of what you mean; also used to describe situations in which the results of an action are dramatically different than intended.19
6940525638JuxtapositionPlacing two very different things together for effect.20
6940527844LogosAppealing to someone's sense of concrete facts and logic.21
6940530691OccasionThe reason or moment for writing or speaking.22
6940534225OrganizationHow the different parts of an argument are arranged in a piece of writing or speech.23
6940550805PathosAn Aristotelian appeal. Involves appealing to someone's emotions.24
6940555051PurposeThe author's persuasive intention.25
6940566056RepetitionRe-using a word or phrase repeatedly for effect or emphasis.26
6940568037RhetoricThe use of spoken or written word (or a visual medium) to convey your ideas and convince an audience.27
6940569916Rhetorical triangleThe relationship between the author, the audience, the text/message, and the context.28
6940571776SpeakerThe persona adopted by the author to deliver his or her message29
6940573141StyleThe author's own personal approach to rhetoric in the piece; similar to voice.30
6940574323SymbolismUsing a symbol to refer to an idea or message31
6940576744SyntaxThe way sentences are grammatically constructed.32
6940580168SynthesisCombining sources or ideas in a coherent way in the purpose of a larger point.33
6940581443ThemesOverarching ideas or driving premises of a work.34
6940657491VoiceAn author's unique sound. Similar to style.35
6940822752AlliterationUsing words with the same first letter repeatedly close together in a phrase or sentence.36
6940826249AllusionMaking a brief reference to the cultural canon—e.g. the Bible, Shakespeare, classical mythology, etc37
6940828458AnecdoteOffering a brief narrative episode. This device can serve many functions in a text—for example, introducing an issue, serving as evidence, to illustrate a point, and so on.38
6940830521ConcessionAgreeing with the opposing viewpoint on a certain smaller point (but not in the larger argument).39
6940840561DidacticA text with an instructive purpose, often moral.40
6940840562EuphemismReferring to something with a veiled phrase instead of saying it directly41
6940842463ExemplificationProviding examples in service of a point.42
6940844263HyperboleOverstating a situation for humorous or dramatic effect.43
6940853964IdiomA commonly used phrase that signifies something very different than its literal meaning.44
6940853965OnomatopoeiaUsing "sound-effect" words (e.g. "clap," "buzz).45
6940855860ParadoxA phrase or assertion that appears to contradict itself (but the contradiction itself may have its own meaning).46
6940868279ParallelismRepeated structural elements in a sentence.47
6940856580ParodyUsing the form of something to mimic and make fun of it48
6940857424PersonificationGiving human characteristics to a nonhuman object or idea.49
6940858515SarcasmMockingly stating the opposite of what you mean. Easier to convey in the spoken word than via writing.50
6940875623SatireA genre of humorous and mocking criticism to expose the ignorance and/or ills of society.51
6940877668SynecdocheReferring to one part of something as a way to refer to the whole52
6940879529UnderstatementDeliberately minimizing something, usually for humorous effect.53

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