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AP Biology Chapter 51 Flashcards

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8455657396EthologyThe scientific study of animal behavior0
8455657397BehaviorThe nervous system's response to a stimulus1
8455657398Proximate causationHow explanations (environmental stimuli that triggers behavior and genetic, physiological, and anatomical mechanisms underlying a behavior)2
8455657399Ultimate causationWhy explanations (evolutionary significance of a behavior)3
8455657400Fixed action patternA sequence of unlearned, innate behaviors that are unchangeable4
8455657401Sign stimulusThe stimulus that triggers a fixed action pattern5
8455657402KinesisA simple change in activity or turning rate in response to a stimulus6
8455657403TaxisA more or less automatic movement toward or away from a stuimulus7
8455657404MigrationA regular long distance change in location8
8455657405CommunicationThe transmission and reception of signals9
8455657406SignalA behavior that causes a change in another animal's behavior10
8455657407Innate behaviorA behavior that is developmentally fixed and under strong genetic influence11
8455657408LearningThe modification of behavior based of specific experiences12
8455657409PheromonesChemical substances that are emitted by animals that communicate through odors13
8455657410HabituationA simple form of learning that involves loss of responsiveness to stimuli that convey little or no information14
8455657411ImprintingA behavior that includes learning and innate components and is generally irreversible15
8455657413Sensitive periodA limited developmental phase that is the only time when certain behaviors can be learned16
8455657416Associative learningAnimals associate one feature of their environments with another17
8455657417Classical conditioningA type of associative learning in which an arbitrary stimulus is associated with a reward of punishment18
8455657418Operant conditioningA type of associative learning in which an animal learns to associate one of its behaviors with a reward or punishment19
8455657419CognitionA process of knowing which includes awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgement20
8455657421Problem solvingThe process of devising a strategy to overcome an obstacle21
8455657422Twin StudiesAllow researchers to compare the relative influences of genetics and environment on behavior22
8455657423ForagingFood obtaining behavior, includes recognizing, searching for, capturing, and eating food items23
8455657424Optimal foraging modelViews foraging behavior as a compromise between benefits of nutrition and costs of obtaining food24
8455657425MonogamousOne male one female same morphologies25
8455657426PromiscuousNo strong pair bonds or lasting relationships26
8455657427PolygamousIndividual of one sex mates with several individuals of the other sex27
8455657428PolygynyOne male mates with many females (males are larger)28
8455657429PolyandryOne female mates with many males (females are larger)29

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