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| 5146163399 | Macromolecule | A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a dehydration reaction. | 0 | |
| 5146163400 | Polymer | A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds. | 1 | |
| 5146698100 | Amylose | The simplest form of starch, which is unbranched. | 2 | |
| 5146163401 | Monomer | The repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polymer. | 3 | |
| 5146163402 | Enzyme | Specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions. | 4 | |
| 5146163403 | Dehydration Reaction | A reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other, with the loss of a water molecule. | 5 | |
| 5146163404 | Hydrolysis | A process that breaks two molecules apart with the addition of a water molecule. | 6 | |
| 5146163405 | Carbohydrates | Both sugars and polymers of sugars. | 7 | |
| 5146163406 | Monosaccharide | A carbohydrate, generally with the molecular formulas that are some multiple of the unit CH2O. | 8 | |
| 5146163407 | Disaccharide | A carbohydrate that consists of two monosaccharides joined together. | 9 | |
| 5146163408 | Glycosidic Linkage | A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction. | 10 | |
| 5146163409 | Polysaccharide | Polymers with a few hundred to a few thousand monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic linkages. | 11 | |
| 5146163410 | Starch | A polysaccharide of glucose that plants store. | 12 | |
| 5146163411 | Glycogen | A polysaccharide of glucose that animals store. | 13 | |
| 5146163412 | Cellulose | A polysaccharide that is a major component of the tough cell walls that enclose plant cells. | 14 | |
| 5146163413 | Chitin | A polysaccharide that is used by arthropods to build their exoskeletons. | 15 | |
| 5146163414 | Lipid | Any of a group of large biological molecules, including fats and steroids, that mix poorly, if at all, with water. | 16 | |
| 5146163415 | Fat | A lipid composed of glycerol and fatty acids. | 17 | |
| 5146163416 | Fatty acid | A lipid composed of a long carbon skeleton, usually 16 or 18 carbon atoms in length, with a carboxyl group at one end. | 18 | |
| 5146163417 | Triacylglycerol (Triglyceride) | A fat consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule. | 19 | |
| 5146163418 | Saturated fatty acid | A hydrocarbon chain with no double bonds between carbon atoms. | 20 | |
| 5146163419 | Unsaturated fatty acid | A hydrocarbon chain with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms. | 21 | |
| 5146163421 | Phospholipid | A lipid made up of a glyerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group; has two hydrophobic tails and a polar, hydrophilic head | 22 | |
| 5146163422 | Steroid | A lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings. | 23 | |
| 5146163423 | Cholesterol | A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids. | 24 | |
| 5146163424 | Catalyst | Chemical agents that selectively speed up chemical reactions without being consumed by the reaction. | 25 | |
| 5146163425 | Polypeptide | A polymer of amino acids. | 26 | |
| 5146163426 | Protein | A biologically functional molecule made up of one or more polypeptides, each folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure. | 27 | |
| 5146163427 | Amino acid | An organic molecule with both an amino group and a carboxyl group. | 28 | |
| 5146163428 | Peptide bond | A covalent bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid through a dehydration reaction. | 29 | |
| 5146163433 | Hydrophobic interaction | A type of weak chemical bond formed when molecules that do not mix with water coalesce to exclude the water | 30 | |
| 5146163434 | Disulfide bridges | Strong covalent bonds formed when the sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfur of another cysteine monomer | 31 | |
| 5146163435 | Sickle-cell disease | An inherited blood disorder, caused by the substitution of one amino acid for the normal one at a particular position in the primary structure of hemoglobin. | 32 | |
| 5146163436 | Denaturation | A process in which a protein unravels, losing its specific structure and hence function; can be caused by changes in pH or salt concentration or by high temperature. Also refers to the separation of the two strands of the DNA double helix, caused by similar factors. | 33 | |
| 5146163437 | Chaperonins | Protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins | 34 | |
| 5146163438 | Gene | A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses). | 35 | |
| 5146163439 | Nucleic acid | Polymers made of monomers called nucleotides. | 36 | |
| 5146163440 | Deoxyribonucleic acid | (DNA) nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose | 37 | |
| 5146163441 | Ribonucleic acid | (RNA) single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose | 38 | |
| 5146163442 | Gene expression | conversion of the information encoded in a gene first into messenger RNA and then to a protein | 39 | |
| 5146163443 | Polynucleotides | Macromolecules that exist as polymers | 40 | |
| 5146163444 | Nucleotides | Monomers of polynucleotides | 41 | |
| 5146163445 | Pyrimidine | Nitrogen bases containing one six-membered ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. | 42 | |
| 5146163446 | Purine | Nitrogen bases containing a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring. | 43 | |
| 5146163447 | Deoxyribose | The sugar found in DNA. | 44 | |
| 5146163448 | Ribose | The sugar found in RNA. | 45 | |
| 5146163451 | Antiprallel | The arrangement of DNA strands, which run in opposite 5' to 3' directions from each other. | 46 |
