Vocabulary words from the AP Edition of Campbell Biology, Chapter 6.
Terms : Hide Images
| 5091652998 | cell diagram |  | 0 | |
| 5091652999 | organelles | membrane-enclosed compartments | 1 | |
| 5091653001 | cytosol | a jellylike substance where organelles and other components are found | 2 | |
| 5091653002 | eukaryotic cell | cell in which most DNA is found in the nucleus | 3 | |
| 5091653003 | prokaryotic cell | cell in which most DNA is found in a non-membrane-enclosed nucleoid | 4 | |
| 5091653004 | nucleoid | a non-membrane-enclosed region of the cell where prokaryotic DNA is found | 5 | |
| 5091653005 | cytoplasm | the interior of a prokaryotic cell | 6 | |
| 5091653006 | plasma membrane | a selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire cell | 7 | |
| 5091653007 | nucleus | chromosome-containing part of a eukaryotic cell | 8 | |
| 5091653008 | nuclear envelope | encloses the nucleus to separate its contents from the cytoplasm | 9 | |
| 5091653009 | nuclear lamina | a netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope, lines the nuclear side of the nuclear envelope | 10 | |
| 5091653010 | chromosomes | structures that carry the genetic information | 11 | |
| 5091653011 | chromatin | material that makes up chromosomes, a complex of proteins and DNA | 12 | |
| 5091653012 | nucleolus | located in the nucleus, makes, synthesizes, and partially assembles ribosomes | 13 | |
| 5091653013 | ribosomes | made of ribosomal RNA and protein, synthesize proteins | 14 | |
| 5091653014 | endomembrane system | collection of membranes related through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles | 15 | |
| 5091653015 | endoplasmic reticulum | accounts for more than half of total membrane in many eukaryotic cells, continuous with the nuclear envelope | 16 | |
| 5091653016 | smooth ER | portion of the endoplasmic reticulum free of ribosomes, synthesize lipids, common in liver cells | 17 | |
| 5091653017 | rough ER | portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes, produce membrane and secretory proteins | 18 | |
| 5091653018 | glycoproteins | proteins with covalently-bonded carbohydrates | 19 | |
| 5091653019 | transport vesicles | vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another | 20 | |
| 5091653020 | Golgi apparatus | stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum | 21 | |
| 5091653021 | lysosome | membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes, which it uses to digest macromolecules | 22 | |
| 5091653022 | phagocytosis | the lysosome digests food | 23 | |
| 5091653023 | autophagy | the lysosomes break down damaged organelles | 24 | |
| 5091653024 | food vacuoles | formed by phagocytosis, pinches off from plasma membrane and encloses a food particle | 25 | |
| 5091653025 | contractile vacuoles | pump excess water out of the cell to maintain a suitable concentration of ions and molecules in the cell | 26 | |
| 5091653026 | central vacuole | common in mature plant cells, diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development | 27 | |
| 5091653027 | mitochondria | chemically convert energy through cellular respiration |  | 28 |
| 5091653028 | chloroplasts | convert light energy to chemical energy (photosynthesis) |  | 29 |
| 5091653029 | cristae | infoldings in the inner membrane of the mitochondria | 30 | |
| 5091653030 | mitochondrial matrix | compartment of the mitochondrion, enclosed by the inner membrane, contains enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle | 31 | |
| 5091653031 | plastids | closely related plant organelles | 32 | |
| 5091653032 | thylakoids | membraneous system in the chloroplast, flattened and interconnected sacs | 33 | |
| 5091653033 | granum | stacks of thylakoids | 34 | |
| 5091653034 | stroma | fluid outside the thylakoids, contains chloroplast DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes | 35 | |
| 5091653035 | cytoskeleton | a network of fibers bracing the cytoplasm | 36 | |
| 5091653036 | motor proteins | specialized proteins, modify shape and move cells or structures within cells, required to interact with cytoskeleton for cell motility | 37 | |
| 5091653037 | microtubules | hollow rods of protein, support the cell and moves organelles within the cell | 38 | |
| 5091653038 | centrosome | a region located near the nucleus where microtubules grow from |  | 39 |
| 5091653039 | centrioles | two exist in the centrosome, each composed of nine sets of triplet microtubules arranged in the ring | 40 | |
| 5091653040 | flagella | a long tail-like feature found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement, utilizes a snakelike motion | 41 | |
| 5091653041 | cilia | a short hair-like structure made of microtubules that enable movement of cells or movement of materials outside a cell, utilizes a back-and-forth motion | 42 | |
| 5091653042 | basal body | anchors cilium or flagellum in the cell | 43 | |
| 5091653043 | dyneins | motor proteins responsible for bending movements of cilium and flagellum, composed of several polypeptides | 44 | |
| 5091653044 | microfilaments | seem present in all eukaryotic cells, located in the cytoplasm, acts (sometimes with myosin) to cause cell contraction | 45 | |
| 5091653045 | actin | a globular protein that makes up microfilaments | 46 | |
| 5091653046 | cortex | the outer cytoplasmic layer of a cell | 47 | |
| 5091653047 | pseudopodia | cellular extensions that enable a cell to crawl along a surface | 48 | |
| 5091653048 | cytoplasmic streaming | the circular flow of cytoplasm within cells | 49 | |
| 5091653049 | intermediate filaments | diverse class of cytoskeletal elements that bear tension like microfilaments | 50 | |
| 5091653050 | cell wall | extracellular structure specific to plant cells, protects the cell, maintains its shape, and prevents excessive water uptake | 51 | |
| 5091653051 | primary cell wall | a relatively thin and flexible layer in plant cells, first secreted by a young cell | 52 | |
| 5091653052 | middle lamella | a thin layer between primary walls of adjacent cells that glues them together with pectin | 53 | |
| 5091653053 | secondary cell wall | a strong and durable matrix in plant cells, often deposited in several laminated layers for cell protection and support | 54 | |
| 5091653054 | extracellular matrix | animal tissue cells are embedded, consists of protein and polysaccharides | 55 | |
| 5091653055 | collagen | most common glycoprotein in the ECM, forms strong fibers outside the cells | 56 | |
| 5091653056 | proteoglycans | consists of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains covalently attached, | 57 | |
| 5091653057 | fibronectin | attach the ECM to integrins embedded in the plasma membrane | 58 | |
| 5091653058 | integrins | membrane proteins with two subunits, bind to the ECM on one side and to associated proteins attached to microfilaments on the other | 59 | |
| 5091653059 | plasmodesmata | channels that perforate cell walls, allow for connections between cells in plants | 60 | |
| 5091653060 | tight junctions | intercellular junction in animal tissues where plasma membranes of neighboring cells are very tightly pressed against each other, bound by specific proteins | 61 | |
| 5091653061 | desmosomes | intercellular junction in animal tissues that function like rivets, fastening cells together into strong sheets | 62 | |
| 5091653062 | gap junctions | intercellular junction in animal tissues that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to an adjacent cell, similar to plasmodesmata in plants | 63 |
