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AP Human Geography Agriculture Flashcards

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8989030436AgribusinessSystem of food production involving everything from the development of the seeds to the marketing and sale of food products at the market.0
8989030437Cash CropsPlanting large amounts of profitable crops for mass production and sell.1
8989030438Commercial AgricultureAgriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.2
8989030439Double CroppingPlanting and harvesting a crop on a field more than once a year.3
8989030440GMOsFoods that\have their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistant, increased productivity, or nutrients value4
8989030441Intensive Subsistence FarmingA form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.5
8989030442MonocultureDependence on a single agricultural commodity.6
8989030443MechanizationIn agriculture, the replacement of human labor with technology or machines.7
8989030444Primary EconomyAny economic activity pertaining to the collecting, harvesting, and obtaining of raw materials.8
8989030445Plantation AgricultureRaising a large amount of a 'cash crop' for local sale or export.9
8989030446TranshumanceMovement of animal herd to cooler highland areas in the summer to warmer lowland areas in the winter.10
8989030447Von Thunen ModelTheory that a commercial farmer wull decide which crops to grow and which livestock to raise depending on the proximity to market.11
8989030448Green RevolutionAn outgrowth of the 3rd agricultural revolution, this effort began in the 1940s and developed new strains of hybrid seeds and fertilizers that dramatically increased the crop output possible from each farm.12
8989030452NomadismDry Areas Same climate as livestock ranching(commercial farms in MDCs) Marginalized land13
8989030453Mixed livestock and grainRaise domesticated animals and growing feed14
8989030454Commercial Grain FarmingWheat belt Bread-basket US Corn belt15
8989030455Mediterranean AgricultureAn agricultural system practiced in the Mediterranean-style climates of Western Europe, California, and portions of Chile and Australia, in which diverse specialty crops such as grapes, avocados,16
8989030456Double croppingHarvesting twice in one year Employ crop rotation17
8989030457Truck FarmsFarm where farmers produce fruits for the market Use mechanization to produce large quantities of fruits and veggies18
8989030459Agricultural IndustrializationThe use of machinery in agriculture, like tractors etc. - makes it easier for farmers to have higher crop yields.19
8989030462BiotechnologyA form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes.20
8989030464Dairy Farmsspecialized in dairy products, N. America, Europe, NOT Africa, South America, Asia21
8989030465DesertificationDegradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.22
8989030467Feedlota plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market23
8989030468Food DesertAn area in a developed country where healthy food is difficult to obtain24
8989030469Food ManufacturingThe processes that are used to convert raw materials into finished food products25
8989030470Growing SeasonThe season in which crops grow best. Growing season can vary by location, societies rely on their growing season to which crops they can or can't grow at their latitude.26
8989030471Hunting and Gatheringthe killing of wild animals and fish as well as the gathering of fruits, roots, nuts, and other plants for sustenance27
8989030473Livestock Ranchingan extensive commercial agricultural activity that involves the raising of livestock over vast geographic spaces typically located in semi-arid climates like the American West28
8989030475Luxury CropsNon-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco29
8989030477PastoralismA type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter.30
8989030478Organic AgricultureApproach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs.31
8989030479PesticidesChemicals used on plants that do not harm the plants, but kill pests and have negative repercussions on other species who ingest the chemicals.32
8989030481Plant Domesticationgenetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention33
8989030486Root Cropscrop that is reproduced by cultivating the roots of or the cuttings from the plants34
89890304882nd Agriculture RevolutionInnovations led to agricultural surpluses, food surpluses, let people move from farms to factories, growth of cities increased.35
8989030490Seed Cropscrop that is reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants. crop that is reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants.36
8989030491SpecializationThe concentration of the productive efforts of individuals and firms on a limited number of activities37
8989030492Slash and Burn Agriculturea farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land38
8989030494Township and Range SystemA rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior.39
8989030495Third Agriculture Revolution'green revolution' rapid diffusion of new ag techniques between 1970's and 1980's, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers40
8989030496Soil Erosionthe wearing away and removal of rock and soil particles from exposed surfaces by agents such as moving water, wind, or ice41

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