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| 5097462332 | Maine Laws | Passed in 1851; 1st big step in the Temperance Movement - outlawed sale & manufacturing of alcohol except for medical purposes. | 0 | |
| 5097462333 | The Brooks-Sumner Affair | Senator Charles Sumner had recently given a speech called "The Crime Against Kansas" on abolishing slavery. Congressman Preston Brooks, who had taken the speech particularly personally attacked Senator Sumner with a walking stick. Brooks, who was accompanied at the time by Congressman Laurence Keitt and Congressman Henry Edmundson, assaulted Sumner. | 1 | |
| 5097468195 | Manifest Destiny | A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific. | 2 | |
| 5097468196 | Stephen Long | He explored Canadian river thinking it was red river, he was a cartographer; who labeled KS and Great Plains the "Great American Desert". | 3 | |
| 5097652679 | The Great American Desert | Beginning with Lewis and Clark, most nineteenth-century mapmakers referred to the Great Plains as this. It was the land west of Missouri. | 4 | |
| 5097858354 | Moses Austin | First American to receive Spanish land grant in Mexico, later Texas. He died and passed land to his son. | 5 | |
| 5097865526 | Stephen Austin | Original settler of Texas, granted land from Mexico on condition of no slaves, convert to Roman Catholic, and learn Spanish. | 6 | |
| 5097869906 | Peace party/war party | The peace side was a secret society of Union supporters in North Texas. The war Side that wanted to go to War with Mexico. | 7 | |
| 5097881676 | General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna | He seized power in Mexico after the collapse of empire in Mexico in 1824, after brief reign of liberals, seized power in 1835 as caudillo, defeated by Texans in war for independence in 1836, defeated by the United States in the Mexican-American War in 1848, unseated by liberal rebellion in 1854. | 8 | |
| 5097909535 | Alamo | A Spanish mission converted into a fort, it was besieged by Mexican troops in 1836. The Texas garrison held out for thirteen days, but in the final battle, all of the Texans were killed by the larger Mexican force. | 9 | |
| 5097912036 | Goliad | A site where about 400 defeated, surrounded, and surrendered Americans were slaughtered by Santa Anna. "remember goliad" became a war cry soon thereafter. | 10 | |
| 5097983535 | Sam Houston | Commander of the Texas army at the battle of San Jacinto; later elected president of the Republic of Texas. | 11 | |
| 5097985159 | San Jacinto | A surprise attack by Texas forces on Santa Ana's camp on April 21, 1836. Santa Ana's men were surprised and overrun in twenty minutes. Santa Ana was taken prisoner and signed an armistice securing Texas independence. Mexicans - 1,500 dead, 1,000 captured. Texans - 4 dead. | 12 | |
| 5097985160 | Californios | Descendants of Spanish and Mexican conquerors; Spanish speaking inhabitants of California they were culture of Mexico carried to California. | 13 | |
| 5097983536 | 54° 40' or fight! | It was the famous slogan used over the border dispute with England about the Oregon Territory. | 14 | |
| 5098018040 | James K Polk | Was president in March 1845. He wanted to settle the Oregon boundary dispute with Britain. He wanted to acquire California. And he wanted to incorporate Texas into union. | 15 | |
| 5098028927 | Liberty Party | A former political party in the United States; formed in 1839 to oppose the practice of slavery; merged with the Free Soil Party in 1848. | 16 | |
| 5098032854 | Zachary Taylor | A Whig president who was a Southern slave holder, and war hero (Mexican-American War). Won the 1848 election. Surprisingly did not address the issue of slavery at all on his platform. He died during his term and his Vice President was Millard Fillmore. | 17 | |
| 5098032855 | John Slidell | A diplomat sent by Polk to buy California, New Mexico, and Texas from the Mexicans. Mexico rejected his offer and Polk sent Taylor's army into Mexico. | 18 | |
| 5098032856 | John C. Fremont | Was an American military officer, explorer, the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States, and the first presidential candidate of a major party to run on a platform in opposition to slavery. | 19 | |
| 5098051975 | Polk's War Message | Polk had been rejected by the previous Mexican government because his credentials said that he was a minister and the government had requested a commissioner. Polk also hoped the problems of holding together a revolutionary government would help keep Paredes concerned with internal problems and push him towards quickly settling the external disputes. | 20 | |
| 5107619911 | Bear Flag Republic | Declaring independence from Mexican control, this republic was declared in 1846 by American settlers living in California; this political act was part of a larger American political and military strategy to wrest Texas and California from Mexico. | 21 | |
| 5107626452 | Conscience Whigs | Northern Whigs who opposed slavery on moral grounds. Conscience Whigs sought to prevent the annexation of Texas as a slave state, fearing that the new slave territory would only serve to buttress the Southern "slave power". | 22 | |
| 5107630642 | Wilmot Proviso | 1846 proposal that outlawed slavery in any territory gained from the War with Mexico. | 23 | |
| 5107636132 | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | A treaty signed by the U.S. and Mexico that officially ended the Mexican-American War; Mexico had to give up much of its northern territory to the U.S (Mexican Cession); in exchange the U.S. gave Mexico $15 million and said that Mexicans living in the lands of the Mexican Cession would be protected | 24 | |
| 5107680297 | Free Soil Party | Formed in 1847 - 1848, dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired territories such as Oregon and ceded Mexican territory. | 25 | |
| 5107684567 | Frederick Douglass | American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. He published his biography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, and founded the abolitionist newspaper, the North Star. | 26 | |
| 5107694270 | North Star | Newspaper founded by Frederick Douglass. | 27 | |
| 5107695964 | Sutter's Mill | Location where gold was discovered in California in 1848, setting off the gold rush. | 28 | |
| 5107694271 | "Forty-niners" | Speculators who went to northern California following the discovery of gold in 1848; the first of several years of large-scale migration was 1849. | 29 | |
| 5107694272 | Popular Sovereignty | Notion that the people of a territory should determine if they want to be a slave state or a free state. | 30 | |
| 5107694273 | Fire Eaters | Refers to a group of extremist pro-slavery politicians from the South who urged the separation of southern states into a new nation, which became known as the Confederate States of America. | 31 | |
| 5107718684 | Uncle Tom's Cabin | Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1853 that highly influenced England's view on the American Deep South and slavery. a novel promoting abolition. intensified sectional conflict. | 32 | |
| 5107722312 | Personal liberty laws | Laws passed by Northern state governments to counteract the provisions of the Fugitive Slave Acts and to protect escaped slaves and free blacks settled in the North, by giving them the right to a jury trial. | 33 | |
| 5107720479 | Ableman v Booth 1857 | Was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that State courts cannot issue rulings on federal law that contradict the decisions of federal courts, overturning a decision by the Supreme Court of Wisconsin. | 34 | |
| 5107720480 | Gadsden Purchase | Agreement with Mexico that gave the US parts of present-day New Mexico & Arizona in exchange for $10 million; all but completed the continental expansion envisioned by those who believed in Manifest Destiny. | 35 | |
| 5107718685 | Ostend Manifesto | A declaration issued from Ostend, Belgium, by the U.S. ministers to England, France, and Spain, stating that the U.S. would be justified in seizing Cuba if Spain did not sell it to the U.S. | 36 | |
| 5107718686 | Senator Stephen A. Douglas | The person behind Kansas Nebraska act. | 37 | |
| 5107757959 | The Kansas Nebraska Act | It would create 2 new territories to allow the government to build a railroad. It split Nebraska into the territories of Nebraska and Kansas and allowed for popular sovereignty there. | 38 | |
| 5107760874 | Republican Party | 1854 - anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats, Free Soilers and reformers from the Northwest met and formed party in order to keep slavery out of the territories. | 39 | |
| 5107772016 | Know Nothing Party | Group of prejudice people who formed a political party during the time when the KKK grew. Anti-Catholics and anti-foreign. They were also known as the American Party. | 40 | |
| 5107773784 | Bleeding Kansas | A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent. | 41 | |
| 5107772017 | John Brown | Abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-1858). | 42 | |
| 5107772018 | Sack of Lawrence | An attack, led by pro-slavery men, on abolitionists living in the city of Lawrence, Kansas; these men were sent to arrest antislavery leaders in Lawrence and in the process, they burned the town, robbed many buildings, and destroyed printing presses used to print abolitionist newspapers. | 43 | |
| 5107772019 | Dred Scot v Sanford 1857 | Was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on US labor law and constitutional law that held that "a negro, whose ancestors were imported into, and sold as slaves", whether enslaved or free, could not be an American citizen and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court, and that the federal government had no power to regulate slavery in the federal territories acquired after the creation of the United States. | 44 | |
| 5107799802 | Lecompton Constitution | Supported the existence of slavery in the proposed state and protected rights of slaveholders. It was rejected by Kansas, making Kansas an eventual free state. | 45 | |
| 5107803381 | Abraham Lincoln | 16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth. | 46 | |
| 5107801586 | Lincoln Douglas Debates | During the race to become Senator, Lincoln asked to have multiple debates with Douglas; certain topics of these debates were slavery, how to deal with slavery, and where slavery should be allowed; although Lincoln lost the election to Douglas, he was known throughout the country because of the debates; Douglas said people could exclude slavery by not enforcing & protecting slave-owner property. | 47 | |
| 5107801587 | House divided speech | Made by Abraham Lincoln before he was elected stating that the United States will either be all slave or all free because it can't be half and half and still succeed. | 48 | |
| 5107799803 | Freeport Doctrine | Doctrine developed by Stephen Douglas that said the exclusion of slavery in a territory could be determined by the refusal of the voters to enact any laws that would protect slave property. It was unpopular with Southerners, and thus cost him the election. | 49 | |
| 5107799804 | John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry | John Brown was an abolitionist that had a plan to free slaves and recruited about 20 men who would help John take control of a building in Harpers Ferry Virginia, where the federal government stored weapons He hoped to start a slave uprising by handing out these weapons to slaves | 50 |
