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| 4759229612 | Protestant Reformation | A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. | 0 | |
| 4759232128 | Roanoke Island | English colony that Raleigh planted on an island off North Carolina in 1585; the colonists who did not return to England disappeared without a trace in 1590 | 1 | |
| 4759233117 | Spanish Armada | the Spanish fleet that attempted to invade England, ending in disaster, due to the raging storm in the English Channel as well as the smaller and better English navy led by Francis Drake. This is viewed as the decline of Spains Golden Age, and the rise of England as a world naval power. | 2 | |
| 4759233118 | primogeniture | A system of inheritance in which the eldest son in a family received all of his father's land. The nobility remained powerful and owned land, while the 2nd and 3rd sons were forced to seek fortune elsewhere. Many of them turned to the New World for their financial purposes and individual wealth. | 3 | |
| 4759235616 | joint-stock company | A business arrangement in which many investors raise money for a venture too large for any of them to undertake alone. They share the profits in proportion to the amount they invest. English entrepreneurs used joint-stock companies to finance the establishment of New World colonies. | 4 | |
| 4759236023 | Virginia Company | A joint-stock company: based in Virginia in 1607: founded to find gold and a water way to the Indies: confirmed all Englishmen that they would have the same life in the New World, as they had in England, with the same rights: 3 of their ships transported the people that would found Jamestown in 1607. | 5 | |
| 4759236024 | charter | A document organizing a colony and defining it's rights and privileges. | 6 | |
| 4759236371 | Jamestown | The first successful settlement in the Virginia colony founded in May, 1607. Harsh conditions nearly destroyed the colony but in 1610 supplies arrived with a new wave of settlers. The settlement became part of the Virginia Company of London in 1620. The population remained low due to lack of supplies until agriculture was solidly established. Jamestown grew to be a prosperous shipping port when John Rolfe introduced tobacco as a major export and cash crop. | 7 | |
| 4759237538 | First Anglo-Powhatan War | led by Lord De La Warr, troops raided Indian villages, burned houses, confiscated provisions, and torched cornfields. Settled in 1614 by the marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas. | 8 | |
| 4759238532 | Second Anglo-Powhatan War | War between the Powhatan Confederacy and Jamestown from 1644-1648 in which the Powhatans tried to reclaim their land from from the colonists, but failed. This ended in a treaty that rejected any thoughts of assimilating the natives into English culture and banished the Powhatan from Virginia | 9 | |
| 4759241130 | House of Burgessess | created in 1619, (in Virginia) the first representative assembly in the American colonies. Could pass laws and set taxes. | 10 | |
| 4759242541 | Act of Toleration | (1649) Law passed in Maryland to guaranteed the rights of the Catholics who founded the colony to worship as they pleased despite the rapid influx of Protestants. This law allowed all Christians to worship freely in Maryland but established the death penalty for non-Christians. It was a step toward the establishment of religious freedom in America. | 11 | |
| 4759243162 | Barbados slave code | First formal statute governing the treatment of slaves, which provided for harsh punishments against offending slaves but lacked penalties for the mistreatment of slaves by masters. Similar statutes were adopted by Southern plantation societies on the North American mainland in the 17th and 18th centuries. | 12 | |
| 4759266781 | squatters | Frontier farmers who illegally occupied land owned by others or not yet officially opened for settlement. Many of North Carolina's early settlers were squatters, who contributed to the colony's reputation as being more independent-minded and "democratic" than its neighbors. | 13 | |
| 4759269973 | Iroquois Confederacy | a powerful group of Native Americans in the eastern part of the United States made up of five nations: the Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondoga, and Oneida - in the mohawk valley of what is now New York State | 14 | |
| 4759275165 | Tuscarora War | began with an Indian attack on Newbern, NC, remaining Indian survivors migrated and joined Iroquois Confederacy | 15 | |
| 4759275729 | Yamasee Indians | Defeated in the South Carolinians in the war of 1715-1716. The Yamasee defeat devastated the last of the coastal Indian tribes in the southern colonies. | 16 | |
| 4759275730 | buffer | Protective barrier between two antagonistic powers. intended to minimize the possibility of conflict between them. In british north america georgia was est as a buffer colony between british and spanish territory | 17 | |
| 4759277100 | Henry VIII | King of England who transformed his country into a Protestant nation during the Reformation; Created the Anglican Church through the Act of Supremacy because the Pope would not grant him an annulment; His actions fostered the Protestant Reformation which led to many new sects of Christianity, religious wars across Europe, a decrease in the power of the Roman Catholic Church and an increase in the power of monarchs | 18 | |
| 4759277101 | Elizabeth I | Queen of England, she established the Anglican Church after her sister had tried to rid England of all Protestants | 19 | |
| 4759278018 | Sir Francis Drake | English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596) | 20 | |
| 4759279264 | Sir Walter Raleigh | An English adventurer and writer, who was prominent at the court of Queen Elizabeth I, and became an explorer of the Americas. In 1585, Raleigh sponsored the first English colony in America on Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina. It failed and is known as " The Lost Colony." | 21 | |
| 4759279265 | James I | This was the Catholic king of England after Charles II that granted everyone religious freedom and even appointed Roman Catholics to positions in the army and government | 22 | |
| 4759281046 | Captain John Smith | Admiral of New England, an English soldier, sailor, and author. This person is remembered for his role in establishing the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia, and his brief association with the Native American girl Pocahontas during an altercation with the Powhatan Confederacy and her father, Chief Powhatan. He was a leader of the Virginia Colony (based at Jamestown) between September 1608 and August 1609, and led an exploration along the rivers of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay. | 23 | |
| 4759281047 | Powhatan | Father to Pocahontas. At the time of the English settlement of Jamestown in 1607, he was a friend to John Smith and John Rolfe. When Smith was captured by Indians, he left Smith's fate in the hands of his warriors. His daughter saved John Smith, and the Jamestown colony. Pocahontas and John Rolfe were wed, and there was a time of peace between the Indians and English until his death. | 24 | |
| 4759283342 | Pocahontas | A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief Powahatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, John Rolfe, and return to England with him; about 1595-1617; Pocahontas' brave actions in saving an Englishman paved the way for many positive English and Native relations. | 25 | |
| 4759283343 | Lord De La Warr | New governor of Jamestown who arrived in 1610, immediately imposing a military regime in Jamestown and declaring war against the Powhatan Confederacy. Employed "Irish tactics" in which his troops burned houses and cornfields. | 26 | |
| 4759283934 | John Rolfe | He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony. | 27 | |
| 4759284390 | Lord Baltimore | Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists. He did so because he knew that members of his own religion (Catholicism) would be a minority in the colony. | 28 | |
| 4759284391 | Oliver Cromwell | English military, political, and religious figure who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War (1642-1649) and called for the execution of Charles I. As lord protector of England (1653-1658) he ruled as a virtual dictator. | 29 | |
| 4759285729 | James Oglethorpe | Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony. Many colonists felt that Oglethorpe was a dictator, and that (along with the colonist's dissatisfaction over not being allowed to own slaves) caused the colony to break down and Oglethorpe to lose his position as governor. | 30 | |
| 4759288104 | Hiawatha | A Mohawk leader who called members of five groups together forming the Iroquis Confederacy around 1570. | 31 |
