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| 8823606587 | The Gilded Age | The late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900. era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold gilding of economic progress. |  | 0 |
| 8823606591 | Plessy v. Ferguson | 1896 - Legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal." |  | 1 |
| 8823606597 | lockout | the refusal by an employer to allow employees to work unless they agree to his or her terms | 2 | |
| 8823606607 | bimetallism | the use of both gold and silver as a basis for a national monetary system |  | 3 |
| 8823606608 | Wabash v. Illinois (1886) | Declared state-passed Granger laws that regulated interstate commerce were unconstitutional. |  | 4 |
| 8823606611 | Land Grants | land given by government to universities and railroad companies | 5 | |
| 8823606615 | Vertical Integration | Strategy to maximize profits by attempting to own every step of the manufacturing process (ex. Carnegie Steel) |  | 6 |
| 8823606616 | Horizontal Integration | Strategy to maximize profits by attempting to purchase competing companies in the same industry; monopoly-building (ex. Rockefeller's Standard Oil) |  | 7 |
| 8823606617 | Knights of Labor | Labor organization in the 1880s led by Terence Powderly. Organized all workers into 1 union. |  | 8 |
| 8823606618 | Haymarket Riot | 1886 Labor dispute in Chicago that ended with a bomb being thrown at police resulting in many deaths. Led to an unfavorable public opinion of organized labor especially the Knights of Labor |  | 9 |
| 8823606619 | American Federation of Labor (AFL) | An organization of various trade unions that fought for bread and butter reforms: better wages, fewer hours, safer working conditions. Founded by Samuel Gompers |  | 10 |
| 8823606620 | Homestead Steel Strikes | Violent labor conflict in Carnegie's mills Henry Frick (manager) announced pay cut Strike had to be put down by state militia |  | 11 |
| 8823606626 | Pendleton Civil Service Act, 1883 | Standardized an exam for federal employees so that people were awarded jobs on merit rather than political affiliations Made it illegal to remove federal employees without just cause. |  | 12 |
| 8823606627 | Sherman Antitrust Act | Outlawed monopolistic business practices not effective initially without a strong progressive federal government that would enforce it. | 13 | |
| 8823606628 | Grange Movement | Grassroots movements that attempted to address the plight of farmers in the late 1800s; attempted to regulate railroads and enlarge opportunity for credit. |  | 14 |
| 8823606629 | William Jennings Bryan | Democratic presidential hopeful that was a member of the Populist Party free silver advocate "Do not crucify mankind on a cross of gold". |  | 15 |
| 8823606632 | Laissez-Faire | Philosophy begun by Adam Smith in his book, that stated that business and the economy would run best with no interference from the government. This economic thought dominated most of the time period of the Industrial Revolution. |  | 16 |
| 8823606633 | New South | After the Civil War, southerners promoted a new vision for a self-sufficient southern economy built on modern capitalist values, industrial growth, and improved transportation. In reality, this growth was fairly slow. |  | 17 |
| 8823606636 | Interstate Commerce Act | First federal legislation to regulate corporations (railroads) in 1887. Ineffective because government failed to enforce it. |  | 18 |
| 8823606637 | Andrew Carnegie | A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who dominated the American steel industry. |  | 19 |
| 8823606638 | Transcontinental Railroad | Opened new markets and helped spur the Industrial Revolution Completed in 1869 at Promontory, UT |  | 20 |
| 8823606640 | Standard Oil | John D. Rockefeller's company that gained a monopoly over the world petroleum market with the practice of trusts and swift elimination of competition. By 1890, owned 90% of the US oil market |  | 21 |
| 8823606645 | Central Pacific Railroad | Started in CA & pushed eastward Eventually connected with the Union Pacific RR in Promontory Point, UT Hired Chinese laborers to complete the work |  | 22 |
| 8823606646 | Union Pacific Railroad | RR that started in Omaha, NE Connected with Central Pacific RR in Promontory Point, UT Hired inexpensive Irish laborers |  | 23 |
| 8823606650 | Panic of 1873 | Financial panic in which banks closed and the stock market crashed | 24 | |
| 8823606651 | US Steel | Largest company in the world. Created by JP Morgan by merging with Carnegie Steel | 25 | |
| 8823606652 | Bessemer Process | Way to manufacture steel quickly & cheaply |  | 26 |
| 8823606655 | Great Railway Strike of 1877 | RR workers initiated a strike in 1877 when they were told there would be a pay cut 10%; President Hayes sent in army to re-open some lines. |  | 27 |
| 8823606657 | James Garfield | President in elected in 1880; Assassinated after only 4 months |  | 28 |
| 8823606658 | JP Morgan | Banker known for financing major corporate mergers. Sat on Board of Directors of many leader corporations linking them together. |  | 29 |
| 8823606659 | Captains of Industry | Owners & mangers of large industrial enterprises who wielded great political & economic power in a way that benefited the nation. |  | 30 |
| 8823606660 | Robber Barons | Refers to industrialists or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying employees low wages Drove competition out of business by selling goods much cheaper |  | 31 |
| 8846920327 | Pinkertons | Mercenary group used by Frick to put down strike at Homestead Steel with excessive force. |  | 32 |
| 8846938875 | Grange | Patrons of Husbandry; group of farmers that fought for laws that would regulate the railroad company. |  | 33 |
| 8847094216 | Denis Kearney | CA labor leader who advocated anti-Chinese campaign that led to ban in 1882. |  | 34 |
| 8847127952 | Thomas Nast | political cartoonist who helped bring down Boss Tweed |  | 35 |
| 8847133266 | Credit Mobilier | a construction company involved in a political and financial scandal with the Union Pacific Railroad |  | 36 |
| 8847138022 | Patronage | The giving of government jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected |  | 37 |
| 8847158780 | Jim Crow Laws | State laws in the South that legalized segregation. |  | 38 |
| 8847165227 | Waving the Bloody Shirt | The symbol of the Republican political tactic of attacking Democrats with reminders of the Civil War |  | 39 |
| 8847173727 | Cornelius Vanderbilt | A railroad baron, he controlled the New York Central Railroad. |  | 40 |
| 8847185032 | Gospel of Wealth | Philosophy asserted by Carnegie that the rich had to be philanthropic |  | 41 |
| 8847193289 | Mother Jones | Another name for Mary Harris; prominent organizer in women's labor movement. Fought for miners' rights and against child labor |  | 42 |
| 8847211407 | Social Darwinist | "'Survival of the fittest' applies to society as well as to biological evolution." |  | 43 |
| 8847227665 | Horatio Alger | A novelist who wrote about characters who succeeded through hard work; rags to riches stories that inspired many. |  | 44 |
| 8847246897 | Thomas Edison | American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb and forever changing the world of work |  | 45 |
| 8847250423 | Christopher Sholes | invented the typewriter in 1867 and changed the world of work |  | 46 |
