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| 6582367372 | Grange Movement | In 1867, farmers formed a social club to help them overcome rural isolation and to spread information about new farming techniques. As membership grew, it began urging economic and political reforms. | 0 | |
| 6582367373 | Munn v. Illinois (1877) | The Supreme Court upheld the right of a state to regulate businesses that affected the public interest within the state. |  | 1 |
| 6582367374 | Interstate Commerce Act | This act prohibited railroads from charging more for short hauls than for long hauls over the same route. |  | 2 |
| 6582367375 | Interstate Commerce Commission | The first federal agency to regulate unfair business practices. It investigate complaints and enforced the Interstate Commerce Act. Marked a change from the laissez-faire economy from the past. |  | 3 |
| 6582367376 | Populist Party | A new political party representing the "common man" --- farmers, industrial workers and miners --- in the battle against banking and railroad interests. Women played a prominent role as speakers and organizers. |  | 4 |
| 6582367377 | William Jennings Bryan | In 1896, the Democrats nominated him for President and supported by the populists. He narrowly lost the election. |  | 5 |
| 6582367378 | "Cross of Gold" Speech | William Jennings Bryan praised farmers and denounced bankers for "crucifying mankind on a cross of gold." |  | 6 |
| 6582367379 | William McKinley | The 1896 Republican pro-business candidate for president supported by wealthy Ohio businessman Mark Hanna. He won in a close election. |  | 7 |
| 6582367380 | Third Parties | Although rarely winning elections, they have an impact on the political process by providing an outlet for minorities to voice grievances and generate new ideas. Ideas are often adopted by one of the major parties and passed into law. | 8 | |
| 6582367381 | Progressive Movement | Flourished between 1900 and the start of WWI. Mainly middle class city dwellers, their primary goal was to correct the political and economic injustices of industrialization. | 9 | |
| 6582367382 | Social Gospel Movement | Protestant ministers called for social reforms including the abolition of child labor and safer working conditions. | 10 | |
| 6582367383 | Temperance Movement | Aimed to ban alcoholic beverages. |  | 11 |
| 6582367384 | Capitalism | The free enterprise system. | 12 | |
| 6582367385 | Socialism | Believed that government should take over basic industries. | 13 | |
| 6582367386 | Communism | Believed that workers should seize control by force and abolish all private property. | 14 | |
| 6582367387 | Progressives | Rejected socialist and communist extremes, but argued that some reforms were necessary to avoid a social revolution. | 15 | |
| 6582367388 | Muckrakers | Investigative reporters, writers and social scientists exposed the abuses of industrial society and government corruption. |  | 16 |
| 6582367389 | Jacob Riis | Photographed conditions of the urban poor in How The Other Half Lives. |  | 17 |
| 6582367390 | Ida Tarbell | In her History of the Standard Oil Company, she showed how John D. Rockefeller's rise was based on ruthless business practices. |  | 18 |
| 6582367391 | Lincoln Steffens | Exposed corruption in city and state governments in his book, The Shame of the Cities. |  | 19 |
| 6582367392 | Frank Norris | Wrote the Octopus, a fictional work that depicted the stranglehold of railroads over California farmers. |  | 20 |
| 6582367393 | Upton Sinclair | In his novel The Jungle, he described the unsanitary practices of the meat-packing industry. |  | 21 |
| 6582367394 | Jane Addams | A social reformer who lived at Hull House among the people she was trying to help. |  | 22 |
| 6582367395 | Settlement House | An all-purpose community center for poor people living in crowded city neighborhoods that provided child care, nursing services and English lessons to immigrants. |  | 23 |
| 6582367396 | Ida B. Wells | Organized an anti-lynching crusade. |  | 24 |
| 6582367397 | Lynching | Murder by hanging ... was one of the main tactics used to terroize African Americans, especially in the South. | 25 | |
| 6582367398 | William Edward Burghardt (W.E.B.) DuBois | First African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard and founded the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People). Called for immediate racial equality. |  | 26 |
| 6582367399 | Booker T. Washington | A prominent African American leader that argued for gradual equality, focus on job training and not be too demanding. |  | 27 |
| 6582367400 | Anti-Defamation League | A Jewish organization opposed to religious prejudice such as anti-semitism. | 28 | |
| 6582367401 | Municipal | Town or city. | 29 | |
| 6582367402 | Robert LaFollette | Progressive Wisconsin governor who challenged political bosses and reduced the influence of railroads. |  | 30 |
| 6582367403 | Theodore Roosevelt | Progressive New York governor, and later president, took steps to free government from corruption and the influence of big business. |  | 31 |
| 6582367404 | Secret Ballot | Voters were less subject to pressure and intimidation when they could vote in secret. |  | 32 |
| 6582367405 | Initiative | Voters could directly introduce bills in the state legislature and could vote on whether they wanted a bill passed. | 33 | |
| 6582367406 | Referendum | Voters could compel legislators to place a bill on the ballot for approval. | 34 | |
| 6582367407 | Recall | Elected officials could be removed from office by voters in a special election. |  | 35 |
| 6582367408 | Direct Party Primaries | Special elections were held to determine whom party members wanted to nominate to represent them as candidates in the general election. | 36 | |
| 6582367409 | Seventeenth Amendment | Senators were elected directly by the people instead of being chosen by state legislatures. |  | 37 |
| 6582367410 | Spoils System | Corrupt practice of giving government jobs as a reward to people who made contributions to politicians or who helped in their campaigns. | 38 | |
| 6582367411 | Pendleton Act | Created the Civil Service Commission that gave competitive exams and selected and selected government employees based on merit. | 39 | |
| 6582367412 | Coal Miners Strike of 1902 | As president, Theodore Roosevelt protected the public interest by threatening the use of federal troops to run the coal mines when mine-owners refused to negotiate with striking workers. |  | 40 |
| 6582367413 | Trusts | Large business consolidations use to form monopolies. |  | 41 |
| 6582367414 | Trust-Buster | Theodore Roosevelt distinguished "good trusts" from "bad trusts" that acted against the public interest and broke them up into smaller companies. |  | 42 |
| 6582367415 | Square Deal | Theodore Roosevelt launched new laws to protect consumer health, prevent false advertising and preserve the nation's natural resources. |  | 43 |
| 6582367416 | William Howard Taft | Republican President after Theodore Roosevelt. Endorsed by Roosevelt, he continued many of Roosevelt's conservative Progressive policies. |  | 44 |
| 6582367417 | Bull Moose Party | Roosevelt became infuriated with Taft's performance and decide to challenge him for the 1912 Republican nomination for president. After Taft won the nomination, Roosevelt created a new third party and split the Republican party which allowed the Democratic party nominee, Woodrow Wilson, to win the election. |  | 45 |
| 6582367418 | New Freedom | Woodrow Wilson's policies of taming big business, encouraging greater competition and eliminating special privileges. Especially focused on attacking tariffs, the banking system and trusts. |  | 46 |
| 6582367419 | Sixteenth Amendment | Gave Congress the power to tax personal income. |  | 47 |
| 6582367420 | Triangle Shirtwaist Factory | In 1911, a fire killed 146 workers in a garment factory. It was learned that the doors had been bolted shut, no sprinkler system and only one fire escape. Created public sympathy for unions. |  | 48 |
| 6582367421 | Department of Labor (1913) | Congress created a cabinet post to study the problems of labor, collect statistics and enforce federal labor laws. |  | 49 |
| 6582367422 | Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914) | Applied anti-trust laws to restrict unions. Also banned the use use of federal injunctions (court orders) to prohibit strikes in labor disputes. |  | 50 |
| 6582367423 | Child Labor Act (1916) | Wilson passed a law prohibiting the sale of goods created by child labor in interstate commerce. Overturned by the Supreme Court two years later. |  | 51 |
| 6582367424 | Federal Reserve Act (1913) | Created the Federal Reserve Board to control monetary policy. The Fed sets interest rates at which it lends money to banks, determines the reserve rate of deposits banks must keep on hand in relation to its loans and buys government bonds to affect the amount of money in circulation. |  | 52 |
| 6582367425 | National Park Service (1916) | Immediately brought 40 existing parks and monuments under federal protection. Its purpose was to conserve the natural scenery, historic objects and wildlife for the enjoyment of the American people. |  | 53 |
| 6582367426 | Patriarchal Society | In the 19th century (1800s) US, men held positions of authority and women were considered to be inferior and excluded from public life by not being allowed to vote, serve on juries or hold public office. |  | 54 |
| 6582367427 | Susan B. Anthony | In 1872, she attempted to vote in Rochester, New York on the grounds she was a citizen and had the right under the 14th Amendment. In 1874, the Supreme Court ruled that although women were citizens, they could not vote because voting was not a "privilege" of citizenship. |  | 55 |
| 6582367428 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | A women's suffrage leader. |  | 56 |
| 6582367429 | Nineteenth Amendment (1920) | Gave women the right to vote. |  | 57 |
| 6582367430 | Realism | An art and literary style of "nothing more or less than the truthful treatment of material" while describing life in great detail. |  | 58 |
| 6582367431 | Horatio Alger | Praised hard work and discipline, and saw wealth as a sign of divine favor. Wrote the novel Ragged Dick ... a poor boy with few prospects significantly improves his position in life due to hard work and help from adults. Most of his novels had similar themes. |  | 59 |
| 6582367432 | Mark Twain | His novels reflected the differences between pre-Civil War society and afterwards. Wrote the Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Gilded Age and Huckleberry Finn. |  | 60 |
| 6582367433 | William Dean Howells | His novel, The Rise of Silas Lapham, described the struggles of the new rich to find acceptance in established society. |  | 61 |
| 6582367434 | Jack London | The Call of the Wild deals with the conflict between civilization and nature. |  | 62 |
| 6582367435 | Henry James | His novels focused on the differences between America and Europe. The Portrait of a Lady is about a penniless orphan taken to England by a rich aunt. |  | 63 |
| 6582367436 | Katie Chopin | The Awakening depicts the conflict of our inward and outward lives. the main character is a mother and wife who leads a routine life, only to be "awakened" one summer when she falls in love and finds passion before committing suicide. | 64 | |
| 6582367437 | James McNeill Whistler | Known for painting Arrangement in Grey and Black ... also known as Whistler's Mother. |  | 65 |
| 6582367438 | Winslow Homer | Known for paintings featuring scenes of the sea, boats and coastlines. |  | 66 |
| 6582367439 | Thomas Eakins | The Gross Clinic shows Dr. Gross performing a surgery on a young man while his mother cringes in the corner. |  | 67 |
| 6582367440 | Henry Ossawa Tanner | His paintings focused on everyday scenes, like a banjo lesson. |  | 68 |
| 6582367441 | Frederick Remington | Focused on the American West by painting and sculpting cowboys, horses, Native Americans and landscapes. A Dash for the Timber shows cowboys shooting at Apaches. |  | 69 |
| 6582367442 | Charles Russell | Also romanticized scenes of life in the American West like Lewis and Clark on the Lower Columbia. |  | 70 |
