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| 7174485896 | Enlightenment | An intellectual movement in 17~18 CE. Decline in the power of absolute monarchies, reduction of church authorities | 0 | |
| 7174489113 | Francis Bacon. | Father or empiricism from the UK. A creator of the scientific method. Encouraged an empirical approach through his own example and philosophy. He believed that science is precious and people should constantly look for more. | 1 | |
| 7174493831 | Rene Descartes | A philosopher in France. Wrote Discourse on method. His main idea was to think for ourselves, doubt everything. Break down the hard problem into easy problems. I think, therefore I am. He tried to change people's mind who were just believing things without questioning it. LOGICAL PROCESS. | 2 | |
| 7174552205 | Thomas Hobbes | He wrote Leviathan. He thinks human nature is bad and the nature of men is to fight and the only one who can prevent and stop this chaos is the king. THERE IS A KING BECAUSE PEOPLE WANTS IT. | 3 | |
| 7174499002 | John Locke | A philosopher in the UK. Wrote Two Treatises on Government. He thought that no one can be ruled without their consent. He thought people are wonderful and they make the government because they want freedom. He tried to change the absolute monarch in the Europe | 4 | |
| 7174558027 | Adam Smith | An author of An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth Nations. He promoted freedom of the market. The government should not interfere with the market and let people sell and buy what they want. With this, the people will be rich and eventually make the country rich too. | 5 | |
| 7174505460 | Sir Isaac Newton | A mathematician in the UK. Wrote Principia Mathematica and Pricipia. He developed the new laws of mechanics, gravity, and laws of motion. He also led the framework for the Scientific Revolution. He also believed in God through science. | 6 | |
| 7174511259 | Voltaire | A critic in France. He wrote Treatise on Toleration and Candide. He argued for religious tolerance and freedom of speech even though people might disagree with it. He also argued for more chance of education. He tried to change religious wars and persecution. | 7 | |
| 7174521286 | Jean-Jacques Rousseau | A political philosopher in France; born in Swizz. He wrote SOCIAL CONTRACT and CONFESSIONS and EMILE. He promoted more equalitarian; people who are all equal form of government. He promoted originality. He thought that direct democracy is the only form of government where people can get freedom. However, in order to get freedom, the citizens should actively participate and be engaged in the politics. He promoted the exclusion of women in the political realm. He thought women's gentle softness distracted men from their duties. He thought is was the nature's decsion that made women weak. He thought women were too weak mentally and physically so women should not do science | 8 | |
| 7174527948 | Benjamin Franklin | A scientist and politician in the USA. He supported colonial unity in the states. He also proved that lightning and electricity is the same thing. He found positive and negative charges. | 9 | |
| 7174532665 | Thomas Jefferson | He is an American founding father. He wrote The Declaration of Independence. He supported ending slavery. | 10 | |
| 7174545747 | Scientific Revolution | Beginning of experimentation in the 17 to 18 CE | 11 | |
| 7174548741 | Ptolemaic | Also known as Geocentric; The Earth is the center of the universe. People believed this until the 1500s | 12 | |
| 7174550303 | Heliocentric | Sun is the center of the universe. Founded by Copernicus. | 13 | |
| 7174569200 | Baron de Montesquieu | The author of the Spirit of the Laws. He distinguished the main form of the governments: - Republics, monarchies, and despotisms. He says that in order for a government to succeed, it requires them to get support from the citizens. He also says women are good rulers as their weakness shows more gentleness. | 14 | |
| 7174575759 | Monarchy | Ruled by the king, queen, royal families. The authorities get passed down to the king's eldest son | 15 | |
| 7174577562 | Despotism | A monarch who uses their absolute power for evil | 16 | |
| 7174578055 | Republic | Representatives of the government | 17 | |
| 7174581168 | Constitutional monarchy | It says what the government should look like. It limits the power of different people. Also known as the limited monarchy | 18 | |
| 7174583387 | Glorious Revolution | An event where the Parliament exiled Catholic king James II as he tried to take some rights away from the Englishmen. There was no blood shed during this event. The crown was replaced by his daughter, Mary and William. | 19 | |
| 7174587489 | John Wesley | He is a Methodist minister. His opinion about the Lisbon Earthquake is biased. He thinks this is the punishment from God as the people became more greedy during the course of time. | 20 | |
| 7174590466 | Salons | A place in Europe (Paris) where woman and men congregated for intellectual discourse. This reduced marginalization of women in Paris. Also allowed common people to interact with the nobility | 21 | |
| 7174594762 | Salonniere | A leader in the salon. A person who hosts the salon and organizes the conversation. Decides the topic to talk about. | 22 | |
| 7174597608 | Saint-Gabriel | A saint. He thought that France should not rule like a male-dominated country but peacefully. Said the government can function under the goodness of the governance of the ladies. | 23 | |
| 7174602521 | Buffon | A scientist. He promoted gender equality. He suggested women should play a prominent role in the salons. He also gave the reasons of volcanic eruption is that the gas trapped inside the Earth creates the volcanic eruption. | 24 | |
| 7174610767 | Lady Mary Wortley Montague | A very rare exception women in the Enlightenment era. She ran off to the Ottoman Empire and brought small pox vaccination to Europe | 25 | |
| 7174619693 | Mary Wollstonecraft | An author of Vindication of the Rights of Women. She argues that it is not that women are weak to learn but they weren't even given a chance to learn. She thinks women has potential as long as they were given an opportunity. She also says women would be better if they were educated | 26 |
