Terms : Hide Images
| 6044115457 | Cortes | Spanish conquistador who led the conquest of the Aztec Empire in the 1500s. Region: Europe | 0 | |
| 6044115459 | Dona Marina | Native woman sold into slavery who eventually became an advisor to Hernán Cortés. Region: Latin America | 1 | |
| 6044115458 | The Great Dying | Enormous death toll caused by Old World diseases (smallpox, measles, typhus, influenza, malaria, yellow fever...) that Native Americans were not exposed to. Region: North America, Latin America, the Caribbean | 2 | |
| 6044120935 | Little Ice Age | A period of cooling temperatures and harsh winters that lasted for much of the early modern era. | 3 | |
| 6044115460 | Columbian exchange | Transmittance of different crops, technologies, ideas, and diseases between the Old and New worlds. Region: all of them | 4 | |
| 6044115461 | peninsulares | Spaniards born in Spain. Resented by "creoles", or Spaniards born in the Americas. Region: Europe or Latin America | 5 | |
| 6044115462 | mestizo | Mixed-race; usually the child of a native woman and a Spanish man. Region: Latin America | 6 | |
| 6044115464 | mulattoes | Mixed-race; usually of black and Portuguese background. Region: Latin America. | 7 | |
| 6044115463 | plantation complex | Present in Brazil and the Caribbean; mostly focused on sugarcane cultivation. Known for use of brutal slavery. Region: Latin America, Caribbean | 8 | |
| 6044115465 | settler colonies | Mainly in northern British New World territories. Inhabitants sought freedom from policies in Europe. Mostly small-scale independent farmers. Region: North America | 9 | |
| 6044115466 | Siberia | Area conquered and incorporated into the Russian Empire. Inhabitants mostly nomadic peoples who paid Russians tribute with furs. Region: Europe | 10 | |
| 6044115467 | yasak | "Tribute". Natives of Siberia and steppes paid Russians after swearing "eternal submission to the grand tsar". Region: Europe | 11 | |
| 6044115468 | Qing dynasty empire | Reign in China (1644-1912) presided over by Manchurians, nomadic group from north of the Great Wall. Saw expansion of China into Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet. Region: East Asia (maybe Central Asia too) | 12 | |
| 6044115470 | Mughal Empire | In India, 1526-1707. Another rare period of unification, this time under Islamic Turkic groups. Tolerant of Hinduism under Akbar, but mercilessly Islamic under Aurangzeb. Notable for interaction between Hinduism and Islam. Region: South Asia | 13 | |
| 6044115471 | Akbar | Ruler of Mughal Empire from 1556-1605 known for his tolerant religious policies. Although Islamic, accommodated Hinduism, Christianity, Buddhism, Judaism, Jainism, and Zoroastrianism. Also worked to soften policies regarding women in Hinduism. Region: South Asia | 14 | |
| 6044115472 | Aurangzeb | Can be thought of as polar opposite of Akbar. Last ruler of Mughal Empire, from 1658-1707. Enforced sharia and forbade music, dance, drinking, prostitution, and gambling. Reimposed jizya, destroyed Hindu temples. Enacted heavy taxes. Generally disliked, especially by Hindu. Region: South Asia | 15 | |
| 6044115473 | Ottoman Empire | Turkic empire encompassing Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Egypt, area in Europe up to Bosnia, north coast of Africa. Powerful and known for being Islamic. Under influence of Islam, social norms gravitated towards gender hierarchy, although still retained some measure of earlier rights. Known for interaction between Christianity and Islam. Region: Middle East | 16 | |
| 6044115474 | Constantinople | Former capital of the Byzantine Empire. Fell to Ottoman Turks in 1453 and became Istanbul; marker of influence of Islam on Christendom. Region: Europe | 17 | |
| 6044115475 | devshirme | "The collecting" or "the gathering". Ottoman Turks required Balkan Christian communities to hand over quota of young boys, who were removed from families, converted to Islam, then trained to become Janissaries or members of civil administration. Means of upward mobility, but devastating for families. Region: Europe, Middle East | 18 |
