Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)
Terms : Hide Images
| 9382657609 | cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. |  | 0 |
| 9382657610 | concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. |  | 1 |
| 9382657611 | prototype | the best or most typical example of a concept |  | 2 |
| 9382657612 | algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier—but also more error-prone—use of heuristics. |  | 3 |
| 9382657613 | heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. |  | 4 |
| 9382657614 | insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions. |  | 5 |
| 9382657616 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence. |  | 6 |
| 9382657618 | functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. |  | 7 |
| 9382657619 | representative heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how it connects to our past experiences |  | 8 |
| 9382657620 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common. |  | 9 |
| 9382657622 | belief bias | clinging to one's initial conceptions despite logic |  | 10 |
| 9382657623 | Chomsky, Noam | Linguist who suggested children have an innate capacity for language acquisition |  | 11 |
| 9382657624 | framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments. |  | 12 |
| 9382657625 | Language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning |  | 13 |
| 9382657626 | phoneme | in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. |  | 14 |
| 9382657627 | morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix). |  | 15 |
| 9382657628 | grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. |  | 16 |
| 9382657629 | syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language. |  | 17 |
| 9382657630 | babbling stage | babies spontaneously uttering a variety of words, such as ah-goo |  | 18 |
| 9382657631 | one-word stage | the stage in which children speak mainly in single words | | 19 |
| 9382657632 | telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram—"go car"—using mostly nouns and verbs. |  | 20 |
| 9382657633 | Whorf, Benjamin | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think. |  | 21 |
| 9405491681 | Creativity | A mental process that produces novel responses that contribute to the solutions of problems. | 22 | |
| 9405553593 | convergent thinking | narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution | 23 | |
| 9405553594 | divergent thinking | a type of creative thinking in which one generates new solutions to problems | 24 | |
| 9405553595 | mental set | the tendency to persist in solving problems with solutions that have worked in the past | 25 | |
| 9405553596 | belief perseverance | tendency to stick to initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them | 26 | |
| 9405553597 | Anchoring | The tendency for individuals to rely too heavily on a single piece of information. | 27 | |
| 9405553598 | intuition | the power of knowing things without thinking; sharp insight | 28 | |
| 9405553599 | Semantics | Meaning of words and sentences | 29 | |
| 9405553600 | two-word stage | beginning about age 2, children speak mostly in two-word sentences | 30 | |
| 9405553601 | universal grammar | Noam Chomsky's theory that all the world's languages share a similar underlying structure | 31 | |
| 9405553602 | surface structure | the literal ordering of words in a sentence | 32 | |
| 9405553603 | deep structure of language | underlying meaning of sentences | 33 | |
| 9405553604 | Critical Period Hypothesis | (Chomsky) A proposal that there is a limited period during which language acquisition can occur. | 34 | |
| 9405553605 | linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think | 35 | |
| 9405553606 | Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman | psychologists who researched heuristics and their effects on decision making | 36 |
