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AP Psychology: History & Approaches Flashcards

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5817076245Empiricismthe view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation0
5817076246Structuralism (School of Psychology)an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind1
5817076247Functionalism (School of Psychology)a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish2
5817076248Experimental Psychology (Domain)the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method3
5817076249Behaviorism (School of Psychology)the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes; most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2)4
5817076250Humanistic Psychology (Approach/Perspective)Emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth5
5817076251Psychologythe science of behavior and mental processes6
5817076252Nature-Nurture Issuethe longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors; today's science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture7
5817076253GestaltThe whole is more than the sum of it's parts8
5817076254Biopsychosocial (Approach/Perspective)an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis9
5817076255Biological Psychology (Approach/Perspective)a branch of psychology that studies the links between biological (including neuroscience and behavior genetics) and psychological processes10
5817076256Evolutionary Psychology (Approach/Perspective)the study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection Replaced functionalism11
5817076257Psychodynamic Psychology (Approach/Perspective)a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders12
5817076258Behavioral Psychology (Approach/Perspective)the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning13
5817076259Cognitive Psychology (Approach/Perspective)the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating14
5817076260Social-Cultural Psychology (Approach/Perspective)the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking15
5817076261Psychometrics (Domain/Job)the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits16
5817076262Basic Researchpure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base17
5817076263Development Psychology (Domain/Job)the scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span18
5817076264Educational Psychology (Domain/Job)the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning19
5817076265Personality Psychology (Domain/Job)the study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting20
5817076266Social Psychology (Domain/Job)the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another21
5817076267Applied Researchscientific study that aims to solve practical problems22
5817076268Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology (Domain/Job)the applications of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces23
5817076269Human Factors Psychology (Domain/Job)the study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments24
5817076270Counseling Psychology (Domain/Job)a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being25
5817076271Clinical Psychology (Domain/Job)a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders26
5817076272Psychiatrya branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who often provide medical (i.e. drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy27
5817076273Forensic Psychology (Domain/Job)Apply psychological principles to legal issues.28
5817076274Experimental Psychology (Domain/Job)Work on research to add new knowledge to the field29
5817076275Wilhelm WundtFounder of scientific psychology Father of Psychology Structuralism30
5817076276G. Stanley HallFirst President of APA Structuralism31
5817076277Edward TitchenerStructuralism Student of Wundt32
5817076278Margaret Floy WashburnFirst woman to complete PhD in psychology Structuralism33
5817076279William Jameswrote Principles of Psychology Functionalism34
5817076280Mary Whiton CalkinsFirst woman president of the APA Functionalism35
5817076281Ivan PavlovBehavioral Approach Classical conditioning of dogs36
5817076282John WatsonBehavioral Approach Classical Aversive conditioning Little Albert Experiment37
5817076283BF SkinnerBehavioral Approach Operant Conditioning (rewards/punishment) Skinner Box (pigeons)38
5817076284Sigmund FreudPsychoanalysis (Father of)39
5817076285Jung Adler Horney KohutPsychodynamic Approach40
5817076286Carl RogersHumanistic Approach Unconditional Positive Regard41
5817076287Abraham MaslowHumanistic Approach Hierarchy of Needs42
5817076288Jean PiagetCognitive Approach Cognitive development in children43
5817076289Plato & DescartesBehavior is innate (nature)44
5817076290Aristotle & LockeBehavior results from experience (nurture)45
5817089932Socrates, Plato, Arisitotle1st 3 philosophers46
5817097453Sir Francis BaconEmpirical "eggs" of evidence47
5817111907Positive PsychologyResearched-based replacement of Humanism48
5817129062MonismBelief that mind & body are united49
5817142420DualismBelief that mind & body are separate50
5817147839PsyD & PhDDoctorate needs needed to get the title of psychologist51

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