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| 6885902325 | Donatello | Bronze statue of David, First free-standing nude sculpted (1440) | 0 | |
| 6885902326 | Sandro Botticelli | Birth of Venus, Primavera, Painted themes from classical mythology | 1 | |
| 6885902327 | Raphael | Painter and architect known for ease of composition, clarity of form, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. He also painted the School of Athens | 2 | |
| 6885902328 | Leonardo da Vinci | Personification of the "Renaissance man", Mona Lisa , Last Supper, Vitruvian Man | 3 | |
| 6885902329 | Dante | Divine Comedy - Depictions of Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven, Divine Comedy later christianized by Boccaccio's Divina, Called the "Father of the Italian Language" | 4 | |
| 6885902330 | Artemesia Gentileschi | Judith Slaying Holofernes, Madonna col Bambino first woman to become a member of the Accademia di Arte del Disegno in Florence, Painted many strong and suffering women from myths and Bibles - victims, suicides, warriors, Assimilated the realism of Caravaggio without being indifferent to the language of the Bologna school | 5 | |
| 6885902331 | Boccacio | Wrote The Decameron, which is structured as a frame story that has over 100 tales told by 10 people who try to escape the Black Death | 6 | |
| 6885902332 | Castiglione | The Book of the Courtier, Gentleman is trained for polite company, poised and well dressed, skilled in arms and sports, capable of making music and conversation, a reader of the classics, a social mixer with good humor, is lighthearted, and considerate of others' feelings. | 7 | |
| 6885902333 | Machiavelli | wrote The Prince, which was an observation of how governments actually rule without moral judgement or exhortation. It was the origin of the concept "the ends justify the means" and stated that successful governments throughout history act in their own political interest | 8 | |
| 6885902334 | Filippo Brunelleschi | Architect famous for constructing il duomo, which was the first dome built since ancient times in Florence | 9 | |
| 6885902335 | Leon Battista Alberti | Epitomized the Renaissance Man, Della Pittura , De re aedificatoria, Alberti Cipher | 10 | |
| 6885902336 | Lorenzo Ghiberti | Sculptor who sculpted a set of bronze doors for the Florentine baptistery with crowds of human figures and the illusion of depth. Known for the construction of the Gates of Paradise | 11 | |
| 6885902337 | Giotto | Painter who had painted The Last Judgement, as well as walls in Florentine buildings and created illusions of depth and movement | 12 | |
| 6885902338 | Massacio | was the first great painter of the Italian Renaissance, painted the Holy Trinity and the Portrait of a Young Man | 13 | |
| 6885902339 | Marsilio Ficino | Catholic priest and influential philosopher who was the first person to translate Plato's works into Latin | 14 | |
| 6885902341 | Leonardo Bruni | Called the first Modern Historian, laid the conceptual groundwork for a tripartite division of history, Three-period view of history: Antiquity, Middle Ages, and Modern, Civic humanism, Historiarum Florentini Populi Libri XII which has been called the first modern history book, New Cicero, "studia humanitatis"- the study of human endeavors | 15 | |
| 6885902342 | Michaelangelo | sculptor whose Pieta is considered the most perfect marble carving. His statue of Moses and David are masterpieces that reflect religiosity and real human emotion. His painting of the Sistine Chapel portray biblical and allegorical figures with power, grace, and human clarity | 16 | |
| 6885902344 | Laura Cereta | wrote Epistolae familiars (Familiar Letters) and retorted that men are unintelligent when told by a man that intelligent women are unattractive | 17 | |
| 6885902345 | Girolamo Savonarola | Known for his prophecies of civic glory, destruction of secular art and culture, and calls for Christian renewal | 18 | |
| 6885902347 | Carvaggio | Italian painter who painted The Calling of St. Matthew, Crucifixion of Saint Peter. Since his paintings combined a realistic observation of the human state (physical and emotional) and a dramatic use of lighting, he had a formative influence on Baroque painting | 19 | |
| 6885902349 | Guicciardini | Italian historian and statesman who is considered one of the major political writer of his time. In his masterpiece, The History of Italy, he paved the way for a new style in historiography with his use of government sources | 20 | |
| 6885902350 | Pope Nicholas V | He was a patron of the arts during the Renaissance | 21 | |
| 6885902351 | Pope Alexander VI | He bribed his way to the papacy and a great patron of the art; Gave papal land to his children; "God had given us the papacy. Now let us enjoy it"; Ordered the execution of Savonarola | 22 | |
| 6885902352 | Pope Julius II | Patron of the art who decided to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica | 23 | |
| 6885902354 | Johann Gutenberg | The first to produce books with movable lead type | 24 | |
| 6885902358 | Cosimo de' Medici | Banker, patron of the arts, and son of Giovanni; "Father of his country" | 25 | |
| 6885902359 | Lorenzo de' Medici | Major patron of the arts whose son was a popel; Allegedly immoral and tyrannical ruler | 26 | |
| 6885902360 | Isabelle d'Este | created a court at Mantua that became a center of arts and learning | 27 | |
| 6885902361 | Petrarch | the first 'modern writer'. He found works of Cicero and helped spread Greco-Roman LIterature(Humanism) | 28 | |
| 6885902362 | Christian humanism | mainly in the northern parts of Europe, whoever practiced this movement tried to go back to Greek/ Hebrew versions of the Bible and capture morals of early Christianity | 29 | |
| 6885902363 | Virtu | "the quality of being a man" , living up one's highest potential and excelling in everything. | 30 | |
| 6885902364 | Lay piety | Ordinary people, not clergy, taking part in religious activities | 31 | |
| 6885902365 | Mysticism | belief that individuals alone can connect with God, without help from the church. | 32 | |
| 6885902366 | Lorenzo Valla | Best known for his textual analysis that proved that the Donation of Constantine was a forgery. Wrote a dialogue called De Voluptate, and a treatise called De Elegantiis Latinae Linguae | 33 | |
| 6885902367 | Giovanni Pico della Mirandola | Wrote Oration on the Dignity of Man, which stated that man is above the animals and below God | 34 | |
| 6885902368 | Characteristic of Italian Renaissance art | Serenity; Eternal; Stability; Horizontals / Verticals; Calm nobility; More reserved / Distant; Idealized; Uninterrupted Contours; Clear, even light; Less guided focus | 35 | |
| 6885902369 | Characteristics of Northern Renaissance art | More religious in nature | 36 | |
| 6885902370 | Humanism | a movement in which writers sought Greco-Roman literature to answer secular issues. | 37 | |
| 6885902371 | Individualism | The belief that a single person can achieve great things | 38 | |
| 6885902372 | Secularism | belief that pursuing life right now is more important than pursuing afterlife. | 39 | |
| 6885902373 | Erasmus | A Christian humanist who was a Catholic priest who wrote Praise of Folly and Handbook of Christian Knight | 40 | |
| 6885902374 | Jan van Eyck | A painter from the Netherlands whose art was a key part of the Northern Renaissance, made Ghent Altarpiece | 41 | |
| 6885902375 | Albrecht Durer | Famous for his woodcuts such as Adam and Eve and Martyrdom of the Ten Thousand | 42 | |
| 6885902377 | Thomas More | Author of Utopia, Christian Humanist, got executed for keeping his Catholic faith against King Henry VIII | 43 | |
| 6885902386 | Feminism during Renaissance | Women were generally treated as property responsible to a male of the house. Chastity was highly respected. They were banned from guilds or inheriting business | 44 | |
| 6885902387 | Chiaroscuro | An effect of contrasted light and shadow created by light falling unevenly or from a particular direction on something | 45 | |
| 6885902388 | Habsburg-Valois Wars | Series of conflicts between 1494 - 1559. Originally arising from dynastic disputes over the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Naples. Ludovico Sforza of Milan, seeking an ally against the Republic of Venice, encouraged Charles VIII of France to invade Italy, using the Angevin claim to the throne of Naples as a pretext. When Ferdinand I of Naples died in 1494, Charles VIII invaded the peninsula with a French Army of twenty-five thousand men (including 8,000 Swiss mercenaries), possibly hoping to use Naples as a base for a crusade against the Ottoman Turks. | 46 | |
| 6885902389 | Patrons of Arts | Wealthy family supported artists for their artwork with their money. Many popes also supported artists to glorify the church or themselves. | 47 | |
| 6885902390 | Milan | still a Middle Ages city focused on war and conquering Florence. However, the Sforza family took over in 1450. They brought peace to the region and with peace came the new ideas and art of the Renaissance. Milan was famous for its metalwork which included suits of armor. | 48 | |
| 6885902391 | Venice | The island city that became a powerful city-state through trade with the Far East. It imported products such as spices and silk. Famous for its artistic glassware. | 49 | |
| 6885902392 | Rome | The pope ruled both the Catholic Church and this city state. Much of the city was re-built under the leadership of Nicholas V beginning in 1447. Rome became a patron of the arts and supported the Renaissance through commissions to artists such as Raphael and Michelangelo. | 50 | |
| 6885902397 | Florence | CIty with a very strategic location and was one of the most flourished cities. Medici family was from here. | 51 | |
| 6885902399 | The Renaissance Man | A man who was educated in many subjects such as poetry, music, science, languages, etc. | 52 | |
| 6885902401 | Vernacular | the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region | 53 | |
| 6885902404 | Mannerism | Later Renaissance art style that emphasized exaggeration | 54 | |
| 6885902409 | Celibacy | The state of abstaining from marriage and sexual relations. | 55 | |
| 6885902410 | Contrapposto | An asymmetrical arrangement of the human figure in which the line of the arms and shoulders contrasts with while balancing those of the hips and legs. | 56 | |
| 6885902411 | Civic humanism | a form of republicanism developed in the Renaissance inspired by the governmental forms and writings of classical antiquity, especially such classical writers as Aristotle, Polybius, and Cicero. | 57 | |
| 6885902417 | Oligarchy | A small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution. | 58 | |
| 6885902420 | "Geography is destiny" | When certain regions have strategic, economic, political advantages due to geography. During the Renaissance, Italian states were able to flourish due to its place in the middle of a trade route | 59 | |
| 6885902423 | Renaissance | literally means 'rebirth'; however, in most ways, Europe was still medieval. | 60 | |
| 6885902424 | Northern Europe | focused more on science, and technology than Southern Europe. Took humanist movement into more religious direction | 61 | |
| 7264178908 | Donatello |  | 62 | |
| 7264182373 | Florence | In what city would you find this building? |  | 63 |
| 7264184408 | Botticelli/ 1482 |  | 64 | |
| 7264186871 | Giotto/1305 |  | 65 | |
| 7264194669 | Jan Van Eyck/1434/ Bruges |  | 66 | |
| 7264217538 | School of Athens/Raphael/1512 |  | 67 | |
| 7264226290 | Michelangelo/Rome/1512 |  | 68 | |
| 7264233720 | Masaccio/1420 |  | 69 | |
| 7264248527 | Giotto | Coming out of the formal Byzantine school, he transcended it with a new kind of realism, a desire to imitate nature that Renaissance artists later identified as the basic component of classical art. His figures were solid and rounded; placed realistically in relationship to each other and their background, they conveyed three-dimensional depth. The expressive faces and physically realistic bodies gave his sacred figures human qualities with which spectators could identify. | 70 | |
| 7264279036 | Leon Battista Alberti | A revived emphasis on individual ability became a characteristic of the Italian Renaissance. As the fifteenth-century Florentine architect expressed it, "Men can do all things if they will."Footnote A high regard for human dignity and worth and a realization of individual potentiality created a new social ideal of the well-rounded personality or universal person. | 71 | |
| 7264284389 | L'uomo Universale | A high regard for human dignity and worth and a realization of individual potentiality created a new social ideal of the well-rounded personality or _____________________________________—who was capable of achievements in many areas of life. | 72 | |
| 7264299041 | Hanseatic League | As early as the thirteenth century, a number of North German coastal towns had formed a commercial and military association. The city of Lübeck took the lead and became a major trading center for northern Europe. By 1500, more than eighty cities belonged, it created its own armies for mutual protection and established settlements and commercial bases in many cities in England and northern Europe, including the chief towns of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. | 73 | |
| 7264313312 | Niccolo Machiavelli | As I said above, he should not deviate from what is good if that is possible, but he should know how to do evil, if that is necessary. (Author/Title/year) | 74 | |
| 7264324521 | Cesare Borgia | A good example of the new Italian ruler was ______, the son of Pope Alexander VI, who used ruthless measures to achieve his goal of carving out a new state in central Italy. | 75 | |
| 7264329616 | Feared | This leads us to a question that is in dispute: Is it better to be loved than feared, or vice versa? | 76 | |
| 7264336994 | Erasmus | Follow the right, do violence to no one, plunder no one, sell no public office, be corrupted by no bribes.... As you would rather stand for an injury than avenge it at great loss to the state, perchance you will lose a little something of your empire. (Who wrote these words?) | 77 | |
| 7264349057 | Renaissance humanism | ___________________________________ was an intellectual movement based on the study of the classical literary works of Greece and Rome. | 78 | |
| 7264352005 | Petrarch | He was the first intellectual to characterize the Middle Ages as a period of darkness, promoting the mistaken belief that medieval culture was ignorant of classical antiquity. | 79 | |
| 7264364214 | Pico della Mirandola | Who wrote this? You, constrained by no limits, in accordance with your own free will, in whose hand We have placed you, shall ordain for yourself the limits of your nature. We have set you at the world's center that you may from there more easily observe whatever is in the world. We have made you neither of heaven nor of earth, neither mortal nor immortal, so that with freedom of choice and with honor, as though the maker and molder of yourself, you may fashion yourself in whatever shape you shall prefer. You shall have the power to degenerate into the lower forms of life, which are brutish. You shall have the power, out of your soul's judgment, to be reborn into the higher forms, which are divine." | 80 |
