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| 7476741060 | Manichaean | Religion founded by the prophet Mani in the third century C.E., a synthesis of Zoroastrian, Christian, and Buddhist elements. | 0 | |
| 7476741061 | Ka'ba | The chief object of Muslim pilgrimages. | 1 | |
| 7476741062 | "Night of Power and Excellence" | Term for the night when Muhammad received the first revelation of the Quran. | 2 | |
| 7476741063 | Jinns and Shaitans | Bad jinns are called shaitan. | 3 | |
| 7476741064 | Islam | The religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah. | 4 | |
| 7476741065 | Hijrah | The journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib, later renamed by him to Medina, in 622 C.E.. | 5 | |
| 7476741066 | Umma | The whole community of Muslims bound together by ties of religion. Khalifa (caliph) - The government under a caliph. | 6 | |
| 7476741067 | The Five Pillars of Islam | Shahada (confession of faith), Salat (prayer), Zakat (almsgiving), Sawm (fasting), and Hajj (the pilgrimage to Mecca). | 7 | |
| 7476741068 | Caliphate | An Islamic state. | 8 | |
| 7476741069 | Qur'an | The Islamic sacred book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel and written down in Arabic. | 9 | |
| 7476741070 | Ulama | A body of Muslim scholars recognized as having specialist knowledge of Islamic sacred law and theology. | 10 | |
| 7476741071 | Sultan | A Muslim sovereign. | 11 | |
| 7476741072 | Shari'a | An Arabic word meaning "path" or "way." | 12 | |
| 7476741073 | Hadith | A collection of traditions containing sayings of the prophet Muhammad. | 13 | |
| 7476741074 | Madrasa | A college for Islamic instruction. | 14 | |
| 7476741075 | Sufi Brotherhood (Sufism) | The inner mystical dimension of Islam. | 15 | |
| 7476741076 | "People of the Book" | Jews and Christians as regarded by Muslims. | 16 | |
| 7476741077 | Shi'ites | An adherent of the Shia branch of Islam. | 17 | |
| 7476741078 | Sunnis | One of the two main branches of Islam. | 18 | |
| 7476741079 | "Empty Quarter" | A desert in Arabia, north of Hadhramaut and extending from Yemen to Oman. | 19 | |
| 7476741080 | Mecca (Makkah) | Birthplace of Muhammad; spiritual center of Islam. | 20 | |
| 7476741081 | Medina | The old Arab or non-European quarter of a North African town. | 21 | |
| 7476741082 | Samarra | A town in central Iraq, on the Tigris. | 22 | |
| 7476741083 | Al-Andalus | A medieval Muslim territory and cultural domain occupying at its peak most of what are today Spain and Portugal. | 23 | |
| 7476741084 | Byzantine Empire | The continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople. | 24 | |
| 7476741085 | Umayyad Caliphate | The second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. | 25 | |
| 7476741086 | Abbasid Caliphate | The third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. | 26 | |
| 7476741087 | Seljuk Turk Empire | A member of a Seljuk dynasty or of a tribe ruled by them. | 27 | |
| 7476741088 | Ghana Kingdom | A medieval African kingdom in what is now eastern Senegal, southwest Mali, and southern Mauritania. | 28 | |
| 7476741089 | Abraham (Ibrahim) | A prophet and messenger in Islam of God. | 29 | |
| 7476741090 | Muhammad | The chief prophet of God. | 30 | |
| 7476741091 | Khadija | First wife of Muhammad. | 31 | |
| 7476741092 | Muslim | A follower of the religion of Islam. | 32 | |
| 7476741093 | Abu Bakr | Companion of 1st Muslim leader after Muhammad. | 33 | |
| 7476741094 | Saladin | A Kurdish general who conquered Egypt and Syria in the twelfth century. | 34 | |
| 7476741095 | Mamluks | An Arabic designation for slaves. | 35 | |
| 7476741096 | The Islamic Conquests (634 - 711 CE) | A series of invasions over large part of the Eastern Hemisphere that spread the Arabian cultural influence and the religion of Islam. | 36 | |
| 7476741097 | The First Crusades (the Crusades) | The first of a number of crusades that attempted to capture the Holy Land, called by Pope Urban II in 1095. | 37 | |
| 7476741098 | Battle of Ain Jalut | Took place on 3 September 1260 between Muslim Mamluks and the Mongols in the southeastern Galilee, in the Jezreel Valley, not far from the site of Zir'in. | 38 | |
| 7476741099 | The Arabian Nights | A famous collection of Persian, Indian, and Arabian Folktales. | 39 | |
| 7476741100 | Develop a timeline of the life of Muhammad and the beginnings of Islam from Muhammad's birth to 650 CE. | - 570 CE: Muhammad's Birth - 575 CE: Muhammad Becomes an Orphan - 578 CE: Muhammad in Mecca in Care of an Uncle - 580 - 594 CE: Muhammad's teens - 594 CE: Muhammad acts as a caravan for wealthy tradeswomen, Khadija - 595 - 609 CE: Muhammad's marriage and Family Life - 610 CE: Muhammad receives first revelation - 613 CE: Muhammad takes this message public - 622 CE: Muhammad and the Muslim Emirate to Medina - 625 - 628 CE: Military period - 630 CE: The conquest for mecca - 630 - 632 CE: Muhammad's final Years - 632 - 633 CE: Wars of ridder restore allegiance to Islam - 633 CE: Muslim conquests begin - 633 - 642 CE: Muslim armies take the fertile crescent, north African coast, parts, of Persian, and byzantine empires - 650 CE: Caliph Uthman has the Qur'an written down | 40 | |
| 7476741101 | How does the Abbasid Caliphate represent a change in the characteristics of Muslim leadership? | After Muhammad's death, Muslim armies stormed out of Arabia Seeking to conquer other lands and thereby expand the Dar al-Islam. Within a century after Muhammad's death, Muslim armies had conquered all of the Persian Empire and a good three-quarters of the Christian world. The new Islamic empire was ruled by caliphs, or successors to Muhammad. | 41 | |
| 7476741102 | Develop a chart of the Umayyad and the Abbasid caliphates in regard to religion, politics, social and the military. | The Abbasid Caliphate - ruled from 750-1258 and then from 1261-1517. The brief interruption was due to the Mongol sack of their capital city of Baghdad - founded by the descendants of Muhammad's uncle - seized power by overthrowing the Umayyad empire - capital city was Baghdad for most of their rule - sought to accept non-Muslims into their societies - accepted Persian support and influence into their court - stressed value of knowledge - oversaw the golden age of Islamic culture in literature, art, architecture, technology and science - embraced Sunni Islamic practices The Umayyad Caliphate - established after the death of Muhammad by a powerful family from Mecca. Ruled only from 661-750. - capital city was Damascus - had a social structure where Arab Muslims were at the top and everyone else was below. - tried to keep non-Arab Muslim influences out of their court. - stressed military conquest rather than acquisition of knowledge. - oversaw the building of many important buildings (the Dome of the Rock) - Sunni Islam | 42 | |
| 7476741103 | Describe the life and role of women in early Islam. | Under Islam, women are spiritually equal to men; however, the rights of women in Islamic society have changed throughout history and vary from region to region. In Islamic society, women require their husband's' approval to realize many activities and are limited in their access to certain political, educational and economic goods. Women make up half of society and they are responsible for the nurturing, guidance and reformation of the subsequent generations of men and women. It is the female who imbues principles and faith into the souls of the nation. | 43 |
