Terms : Hide Images
| 5028293113 | Hindsight Bias | The tendency to believe, after learning the outcome, that one would have foreseen it. | 0 | |
| 5028311472 | Critical Thinking | Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, assesses the source, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. | 1 | |
| 5028332269 | Theory | An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. | 2 | |
| 5028342357 | Hypothesis | A testable prediction, often implied by a theory. | 3 | |
| 5028351258 | Operational Definition | A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study. | 4 | |
| 5028356665 | Replication | Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances. | 5 | |
| 5028378996 | Case Study | A descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. | 6 | |
| 5028468861 | Naturalistic Observation | Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation. | 7 | |
| 5028487282 | Survey | A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random, sample of the group. | 8 | |
| 5028508535 | Sampling Bias | A flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample. | 9 | |
| 5028514945 | Population | All those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn. | 10 | |
| 5028522435 | Random Sample | A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion. | 11 | |
| 5028530939 | Correlation | A measure of the extent to which 2 variables change together, and thus of well either variable predicts the other. | 12 | |
| 5028557346 | Correlation Coeffiecent | A statistical index of the relationship between two variables (from -1.0 to +1.0) | 13 | |
| 5028568976 | Scatterplot | A grouped cluster of dots, each which represents the values of two variables. Slope suggests the relationship between the variables. | 14 | |
| 5028587732 | Illusory Correlation | The perception of a relationship where none exists. | 15 | |
| 5028596025 | Experiment | A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process. | 16 | |
| 5028613537 | Experimental Group | The group exposed to the treatment in an experiment; one version of the independent variable. | 17 | |
| 5028767446 | Control Group | The group not exposed to the treatment in an experiment. | 18 | |
| 5028776150 | Random Assignment | Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between the different groups. | 19 | |
| 5028794642 | Double-Blind Procedure | An experimental procedure in which both research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or placebo. Commonly used in drug education studies. | 20 | |
| 5028842064 | Placebo Effect | Experimental results caused by expectations alone. | 21 | |
| 5028849260 | Independent Variable | The experimental factor that is manipulated, the variable whose effect is being studied. | 22 | |
| 5028861598 | Confounding Variable | A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in the experiment. | 23 | |
| 5029087197 | Dependent Variable | The outcome variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. | 24 | |
| 5029117556 | Validity | The extent to which a test or experiment measures or predicts what it is supposed to do. | 25 | |
| 5029124778 | Descriptive Statistics | Numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups. Includes measures of central tendency and measures of variation. | 26 | |
| 5029162475 | Mode | The most frequently occurring scores in a distribution. | 27 | |
| 5029166716 | Mean | The arithmetic average of a distribution (add scores and divide by the number of scores) | 28 | |
| 5029179157 | Median | The literal middle score in a distribution | 29 | |
| 5029186902 | Skewed Distribution | A representation of scores that lack symmetry around their average value. | 30 | |
| 5029225604 | Range | The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution. | 31 | |
| 5029359255 | Standard Deviation | A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score. | 32 | |
| 5029325995 | Normal Curve | A symmetrical, bell-shaped curve tat descibes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (about 68% fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes. | 33 | |
| 5029233175 | Inferential Statistics | Numerical data that allow one to generalize from sample data the probability of something being true of a population. | 34 | |
| 5029261979 | Statistical Significance | A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance. | 35 | |
| 5029271057 | Culture | The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted form one generation to the next. | 36 | |
| 5029287741 | Informed Consent | The ethical principle that research be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate. | 37 | |
| 5029302505 | Debriefing | The post-experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions to its participants. | 38 |
